Synthesis, characterisation and ethanol sensing application of polythiophene/graphene nanocomposite

Electrical Conductivity Based Ammonia Sensing Properties of Polypyrrole/MoS2 Nanocomposite

“…DC electrical conductivity as well as ammonia sensing experiments were carried out with four in-line probe instruments attached with a PID (proportional integral derivative)-controlled oven manufactured by Scientific Equipment, Roorkee, India. The equation used for the calculation of DC electrical conductivity is given below: σ = [ln2 (2S/W)]/[2πS (V/I)] where I, V, W, S and σ represent the current (A), voltage (V), the thickness of the pellet (cm), probe spacing (cm) and conductivity (S·cm −1 ), respectively [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The pellets used in conductivity and sensing experiments were made by a hydraulic pressure machine at 70 kN pressure applied for 60 s. 250 mg of each sample was used for the preparation of pellets.…”

Fabrication of Reproducible and Selective Ammonia Vapor Sensor-Pellet of Polypyrrole/Cerium Oxide Nanocomposite for Prompt Detection at Room Temperature

“…Thus, the electrical conductivity can be controlled and tuned by any interaction that can change the quantity and mobility of charge carriers. Consequently, the electrical conductivity can precisely be tuned by changing both the type and level of oxidation as well as the types and amount of filler components [ 23 , 24 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. In conducting polymer-nanocomposites, the mechanism of conductivity is described by the movement of charge carriers along with the extended π-conjugated system of polymer backbone or/and the hopping/tunnelling between fillers and polymer chains [ 23 , 43 , 48 , 49 ].…”

“…The thermal stability of PPy and PPy/CeO 2 in terms of conductivity retention was also investigated under cyclic ageing conditions. The following equation was used for calculation of relative electrical conductivity (σ r ) where σ T and σ 50 correspond to the DC electrical conductivity at temperature T (°C) and 50 °C, respectively [ 43 , 44 ].…”

“…The electrical conductivity was calculated at a particular temperature at an interval of 10 min. In cyclic ageing experiments, the conductivity was determined for four successive cycles starting from 50 °C to 130 °C [ 43 , 44 ].…”

The synthesis of alternating donor–acceptor polymers based on pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone and thiophene derivatives, their composites with carbon, and their lithium storage performances as anode materials

“…29 In the Raman spectrum of POTPT@AC, typical peaks at 1517, 1446, 1351, 1254, 1080, and 996 cm À1 are due to the asymmetric C a ]C b stretching, symmetric stretching of C a ]C b , C a ]C b inter-ring stretching, C a -C a inter-ring stretching, C-O-C deformation, and C-C anti-symmetrical stretching in the polymer skeleton of POTPT, 34 respectively, which supports the presence of the EDOT unit in the composite. The Raman spectrum of PTPT@AC exhibits four peaks at 1066, 1105, 1424, and 1432 cm À1 which may be ascribed to C-H bending, C-C stretching (anti), the C]C stretching in the quinoid form, and the C]C stretching, respectively, 35 which conrms the presence of thiophene unit in the composite. The Raman spectra of POTPT and PTPT polymers are also shown in Fig.…”