Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of collagen and attapulgite‐filled copolymer biocomposites: Batch and column studies

Abstract

Several biocomposites were synthesized by copolymerizing hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and itaconic acid (IA) at varied molar ratios in the presence of different wt% of collagen (CLG) and attapulgite (APG) clay. The structure and properties of the biocomposite adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared apectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray photo electron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transfer electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, differential thermal analysis–thermogravimetric analysis, point zero charge analysis, mechanical properties, and pH reversibility tests. The synthesis variables were optimized with a central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). The biocomposite prepared with an optimized composition of 1.5 wt% CLG, 1.7 wt% APG, and 5:1 molar ratio of HEMA:IA showed an adsorption capacity (Qe, mg/g) of 674.4/602.4 for methylene blue (MB)/Rose Bengal (RB) dye from a feed containing 200 mg/L of MB + RB dye mixture in batch mode. In a fixed bed in column mode, the optimized biocomposite showed a removal% of 82.8/71.3 for 100 mg/L inlet concentration, 20 ml/min flow rate, and 20 mm bed height with a breakthrough time of 23/31 min and a mass transfer coefficient (kmtc × 105 cm/s) of 8.36/7.67 for MB/RB as single dye solution.

Synthesis of Cu nanoparticles in a chitosan entrapped copolymer matrix for photocatalytic reduction of textile dye and column adsorption of heavy metal ions from water

“…The CH 2 methylene stretching vibration at 754 cm −1 of CP is observed at 760, 755, and 758 cm −1 in CPCS, CPCuNP, and PMNC4, respectively. The carbonyl (C═O) stretching of the ester of HEMA moiety of the CP at 1760 cm −1[ 31,32 ] is shifted to 1742 cm −1 in CPCS, 1732 cm −1 in CPCuNP, and 1711 cm −1 in PMNC4, respectively. Similarly, the CH 2 rocking of CP at 1095 cm −1 and the CO stretching of CS ring at 1090 cm −1[ 32 ] is overlapped to a single absorption peak at 1125 cm −1 and 1105 cm −1 in CPCS and PMNC4, respectively.…”

“…The carbonyl (C═O) stretching of the ester of HEMA moiety of the CP at 1760 cm −1[ 31,32 ] is shifted to 1742 cm −1 in CPCS, 1732 cm −1 in CPCuNP, and 1711 cm −1 in PMNC4, respectively. Similarly, the CH 2 rocking of CP at 1095 cm −1 and the CO stretching of CS ring at 1090 cm −1[ 32 ] is overlapped to a single absorption peak at 1125 cm −1 and 1105 cm −1 in CPCS and PMNC4, respectively. The CH bending of CS at 1401 cm −1 and CO stretching coupled with OH bending of the acrylic moiety of CP at 1406 cm −1[ 32 ] merge to 1405 cm −1 and 1408 cm −1 in CPCS and PMNC4, respectively.…”

“…Similarly, the CH 2 rocking of CP at 1095 cm −1 and the CO stretching of CS ring at 1090 cm −1[ 32 ] is overlapped to a single absorption peak at 1125 cm −1 and 1105 cm −1 in CPCS and PMNC4, respectively. The CH bending of CS at 1401 cm −1 and CO stretching coupled with OH bending of the acrylic moiety of CP at 1406 cm −1[ 32 ] merge to 1405 cm −1 and 1408 cm −1 in CPCS and PMNC4, respectively. The hydrogen bonded broad OH stretching at 3274 cm −1 of CS and 3152 cm −1 of the CP merges to a single broad absorption peak at 3150 cm −1 and 3143 cm −1 in CPCS and PMNC4, respectively.…”

“…The mass transfer coefficient ( k mtc ) for adsorption of the metal ion from the bulk solution to the polymer adsorbent bed in the column is obtained by fitting the adsorption data ( C t /C i ) at different times ( t ) to the following nonlinear Equation (11) [ 32 ] (equivalent to y = a + exp( b‐c*x ), a , b , and c are constant) as shown in Figure 7D for different C i . Similar fittings were also obtained with different flow rates ( q t ) and bed heights ( h ).…”

“…The mass transfer coefficient (k mtc ) for adsorption of the metal ion from the bulk solution to the polymer 11) [32] (equivalent to y = a + exp(b-c*x), a, b, and c are constant) as shown in Figure 7D for different C i . Similar fittings were also obtained with different flow rates (q t ) and bed heights (h).…”