Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Co (II) and Cu (II) Complexes of Sulfamethoxazole

Abstract

Complexes of Co and Cu with SMZ were successfully synthesized (1:2 molar ratio) in good yield and characterized by using UV-vis, FTIR, melting point/decomposition temperature, electrical conductivity and solubility in different solvents of varying polarity and proticity. All the prepared complexes were coloured. From the IR results, 529, 631, 528 and 779 cm-1 bands were observed in the spectra of the complexes which were absent in the free ligand spectrum thus, showing the presence of metal-ligand bond (coordination) in the complexes. The electronic spectral data of the complexes suggest an octahedral and tetrahedral geometry for all the complexes. The ligand and the Co (II) complex were found to be soluble polar protic solvents at both room and elevated temperature while, Cu (II) complex was found to be insoluble in polar protic solvent (ethanol) at room temperature but soluble at elevated temperature. The metal complexes are insoluble in non-polar solvent at both temperatures. More so, the ligand was found to be soluble in non-polar solvent at both temperatures. The electrical conductivity measurements indicated that the synthesized complexes are non-electrolytes. The synthesized metal complexes showed improved broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus as compared to the ligand. Thus, the complexes [Co(C10H11N3O3S)] and [Cu(C10H11N3O3S)] are good leads to be developed into antibiotics against the tested antimicrobial agents (E. coli and S. aureus).

Spectroscopic Characterization, Thermogravimetry and Biological Studies of Ru(III), Pt(IV), Au(III) Complexes with Sulfamethoxazole Drug Ligand

“…From the literature, we did not find any biological features of nickel complexes [27][28][29][30]. Adamo et al in [31] compared the activity of SMX and the complexes of (Co(II)) and Cu(II) against S. aureus and E. coli; they found that the hazard of the activity was improved. The improved performance of the complexes is due to chelation, with the increase in lipophilic properties ultimately decreasing the polarity of the metal atom, allowing it to permeate through the bacterial membrane's lipid layers [32,33].…”

“…The improved performance of the complexes is due to chelation, with the increase in lipophilic properties ultimately decreasing the polarity of the metal atom, allowing it to permeate through the bacterial membrane's lipid layers [32,33]. As a result, [Co(C 10 H 11 N 3 O 3 S)] and [Cu(C 10 H 11 N 3 O 3 S)] could be used as lead compounds for developing antibiotics against the bacteria strains studied (S. aureus and E. coli) [31].…”

“…The biological features of sulfamethoxazole complexes with Au(III), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) have been investigated in many papers [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. It is worth noting that sulfamethoxazole Au(I) and Ag(I) compounds were earlier synthesized and described using X-ray diffraction, with the influence of these complexes on Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms being examined [30].…”