Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Pure and EDTA-Capped NiO Nanosized Particles

Abstract

The effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a capping agent on the structure, morphology, optical, and magnetic properties of nickel oxide (NiO) nanosized particles, synthesized by coprecipitation method, was investigated. Nickel chloride hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as precursors. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD patterns showed that NiO have a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The crystallite size, estimated by Scherrer formula, has been found in the range of 28–33 nm. It is noticed that EDTA-capped NiO nanoparticles have a smaller size than pure nanoparticles. Thus, the addition of 0.1 M capping agent EDTA can form a nucleation point for nanoparticles growth. The optical and magnetic properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV) as well as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetization measurements. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of absorption bands in the range of 402–425 cm−1, which is a common feature of NiO. EPR for NiO nanosized particles was measured at room temperature. An EPR line withgfactor ≈1.9–2 is detected for NiO nanoparticles, corresponding to Ni2+ions. The magnetic hysteresis of NiO nanoparticles showed that EDTA capping recovers the surface magnetization of the nanoparticles.

Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles in Glucose and Lactose Biosensors

“…The evaluated values are 4.189 nm for (111) lattice plane, 22.77 nm and 6.747 × 10 (Kg/m 3 ), respectively. These values are in reasonable agreement with that reported in the literature (Rahal et al, 2017) (Rifaya, Theivasanthi, & Alagar, 2012). The specific surface area (SSA) is the ratio of surface area (SA= 1,628.83 nm 2 ) to the mass of the nanoparticles (Rifaya et al, 2012):…”

“…The XRD spectrum indicates the face-centered-cubic lattice structure as well as the high degree of crystallinity of the synthesized NiO nanoparticles. The obtained spectrum is comparable to that obtained by Rahal et al (Rahal et al, 2017). The lattice constant a the average crystallite size (D) and the X-ray density ρ of NiO are calculated from the following formulas (Al Boukhari, 2019) (Waseda, Matsubara, & Shinoda, 2011):…”

“…The appearance of such peaks suggests a humidity percentage in the sample. This may be due to the increased contact of the sample with air or due to the initial preparation conditions (Rahal et al, 2017). Figure 4 reveals the optical absorption spectra of NiO nanoparticles dissolved in absolute ethanol at different ultrasonic dispersion time.…”

“…The quantum size, the highly specific surface area, the volume, and the macroscopic quantum tunnel effects have unveiled the unique magnetic, electronic, catalytic, chemical and optical properties of the NiO nanoparticles. Such properties encouraged their extensive application in superparamagnetic devices, electrochromic smart windows, photo-catalyst applications, electrochemical supercapacitors, photovoltaic devices and gas sensors (Rahal, Awad, Abdel Gaber, & Bakeer, 2017) (Al Boukhary, Zeidan, Khalaf, & Awad, 2019) (Meng et al, 2013) (Gao, Zeng, & Miao, 2016). NiO nanoparticles are also magnetic nanoparticles with good electrochemical activity, which motivate their use in electrochemical biosensors (Koh & Josephson, 2009) (Meng et al, 2013) (Nur et al, 2014).…”

“…In addition, less significant peaks were detected at 1640 and 3440 . These peaks refer to H-O-H bending vibrations mode and O-H stretching vibrations bond, respectively(Rahal et al, 2017) (Al Boukhari, 2019.…”