Synthesis, characterization, thermolysis and performance evaluation studies on alkali metal salts of TABA and NTO

Kulkarni, P B; Purandare, G. N.; Nair, J. K.; Talawar, M. B.; Mukundan, T.; Asthana, S. N.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.12.014

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Isto se deve ao fato de a razão de aquecimento adotada, quando o material é decomposto termicamente dentro do tubo de vidro, ser diferente da utilizada na termoanálise e esta diferença tem influência significativa nos mecanismos da reação de combustão. Este inconveniente pode, no entanto, ser minimizado com a utilização de técnicas acopladas, o que oferece a vantagem da identificação dos gases de combustão simultaneamente à obtenção da curva termoanalítica garantindo, assim, que os produtos gasosos identificados representem verdadeiramente os mecanismos de rupturas das ligações do composto durante o processo de termólise 19 .…”

Section: Estudo Cinético Do Comportamento Térmico De Materiais Energéunclassified

Análise térmica aplicada ao estudo de materiais energéticos

Andrade¹,

Iha²,

Rocco³

et al. 2007

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 15/3/06; aceito em 18/10/06; publicado na web em 27/4/07 THERMAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS. This paper shows different aspects related to the application of different thermal analysis techniques in the study of energetic materials. The criteria used to choose the best technique and an exact approach to adjust the experimental data with a proper model are here discussed. The paper shows how to use the different thermal analysis results to help develop new compounds, to study the stability of some energetic materials and their compatibility, and the conditions necessary for a secure storing environment.Keywords: thermal analysis; energetic material; propellants. INTRODUÇÃOMateriais energéticos são utilizados tanto na área civil como militar; compostos como nitroglicerina, pólvora negra e nitrocelulose estão entre os mais utilizados ao longo das últimas décadas. Entre as propriedades características destes compostos e/ou formulações, pode-se destacar a capacidade de liberarem grande quantidade de energia em curto espaço de tempo, quando expostos a estímulo tér-mico, elétrico ou em decorrência de um impacto. Em virtude destas características, inúmeros programas de pesquisa vêm sendo desenvolvidos, tendo como enfoque o aumento da performance destes materiais em tais propriedades 1 . As diversas técnicas termoanalíticas 2 utilizadas isoladamente ou em conjunto com outras técnicas, tais como espectroscopia no Infravermelho (IR), espectroscopia de massas (MS), cromatografia gasosa (CG) ou cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) vêm demonstrando serem ferramentas importantes no estudo dos materiais energéticos. A análise térmica diferencial (DTA), a calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e a termogravimetria (TG) podem ser utilizadas, por ex., na compreensão dos mecanismos físico-químicos relativos a processos de decomposição térmica 3 ou no estudo e desenvolvimento de novos compostos 4 , entre outros. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma discussão sobre a aplicação das técnicas termoanalíticas ao estudo de compostos altamente energéticos. São discutidas diferentes condições necessárias ao desenvolvimento de estudos experimentais e apresentados diversos exemplos de aplicações da termoanálise a materiais energéticos. ESTUDO CINÉTICO DO COMPORTAMENTO TÉRMICO DE MATERIAIS ENERGÉTICOS VIA ANÁLISE TÉRMICANas últimas décadas, as técnicas termoanalíticas têm sido amplamente utilizadas para estudo de materiais energéticos 5 . São empregadas principalmente para obtenção de dados referentes à cinética de degradação térmica de diferentes formulações 6 . Os parâmetros desejados são obtidos a partir das curvas TG ou DSC, ou ainda, por microcalorimetria. A busca de tais informações tem como objetivo o aperfeiçoamento e o desenvolvimento de novos materiais. Além disso, os diversos estudos realizados permitem encontrar as condições mais adequadas para processos de estocagem, para o desenvolvimento de novos estabilizantes que retardem processos de degradação oxidativa e/ou térmica, além da...

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Section: Estudo Cinético Do Comportamento Térmico De Materiais Energéunclassified

Análise térmica aplicada ao estudo de materiais energéticos

Andrade¹,

Iha²,

Rocco³

et al. 2007

Quím. Nova

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“…NTO is prepared easily by the reaction of semicarbazide hydrochloride (SC) with formic acid followed by nitration with 70% nitric acid at 60-80 C (Scheme 1) [25]. Experiments have been carried out to explore ways in which to improve the synthesis of the condensed phase of NTO [22,26,27]; some publications have discussed its thermal properties and decomposition kinetics [26,28,29], and others have theoretically considered the structures, vibrational analysis [29][30][31][32], and decomposition pathways involved using quantum mechanical methods to provide greater insight into the decomposition of NTO. Early theoretical work in our laboratory presented the causes of insensitivity for NTO and its amine salt (ANTO) [33].…”

Section: Introduction Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Computational study of the catalytic synthesis of 5‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one

Cheng¹,

Liu

Yang

2011

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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In this study, 5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO) was theoretically synthesized from urea via chlorination followed by amination, formylation, and nitration under aqueous and gaseous environments based on experience of experimental methods, and metal chlorides and metal oxides were used as catalysts to promote reaction. Reaction routes closely related to experimental processes were successfully constructed, and the corresponding energy barriers were estimated for each elementary reaction. Reaction conditions distinct from those reported in the literature (including the adoption of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, aluminum oxide, ferrous oxide, and chromium oxide catalysts, the use of nitric acid and dinitrogen pentoxide as nitration agents, and adjustment of the reaction temperature) were used in corresponding reaction systems, and the modeling results suggested that ferric chloride is a good catalyst for the chlorination reaction, ferrous oxide is suitable for catalyzing amination, formylation, and nitration, and nitric acid is the better agent for nitration. Estimates of the comparable energy barriers for each reaction stage were considered to imply more feasible pathways for NTO synthesis.

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“…However, these catalysts are able to modify the combustion performances of solid propellants only in low pressure regimes (6)(7)(8)(9)(10), and cannot fulfil the requirements for the formulation of solid propellants with middle to high pressure range plateau combustion behaviour. In comparison, some energetic catalysts such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) [24][25][26], 4-(2,4,6-trinitroanilino)benzoic acid (TABA) [27] and 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole (DNP) [28][29][30] metal salts, do not show a significant reduction in the pressure exponent of solid propellants, and some of them are very dangerous and require a high standard of precautions/protocols for their manufacture. Many research groups have also focused on the preparation of nano-sized catalysts, including nano-Fe 2 O 3 [31], CuO [32], Bi 2 WO 6 [33], and copper β-resorcylate [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Effect of Anthraquinone Metal Salts as Wide-range Plateau Catalysts to Enhance the Combustion Properties of Solid Propellants

Wang¹,

Yan²,

An³

et al. 2018

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Novel lead and copper salts based on anthraquinone, including 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone,1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone and 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-dinitroanthraquinone, were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The catalytic effects of these compounds on the decomposition of nitrocellulose (NC) and on the combustion properties of double-base (DB) and composite modified double-base (CMDB) propellants were comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrated that the burning rate is significantly increased (by 200%) in the lower pressure range (2-6 MPa) as compared to the control systems without added anthraquinone-based salts. Concurrently, the pressure exponents (n) were obviously lower, exhibiting a "wide-range plateau" combustion phenomenon in the middle-pressure region. Specifically, for the DB propellants such a plateau region extended from 10 MPa to 16 MPa for n equal to 0.10, from 10 MPa to 18 MPa for n equal to 0.11 and from 8 MPa to 18 MPa when n is 0.05. In the case of RDX-CMDB propellants, the plateau was found to be in the range 6-18 MPa, with n in the range 0.16-0.27, depending on the type of catalyst, in contrast to the reference CMDB sample, which was characterized by n equal to 0.7 for the same pressure range.

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Synthesis, characterization, thermolysis and performance evaluation studies on alkali metal salts of TABA and NTO

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Análise térmica aplicada ao estudo de materiais energéticos

Análise térmica aplicada ao estudo de materiais energéticos

Computational study of the catalytic synthesis of 5‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one

Unravelling the Effect of Anthraquinone Metal Salts as Wide-range Plateau Catalysts to Enhance the Combustion Properties of Solid Propellants

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