Synthesis gas generation on-board a vehicle: Development and results of testing

Nickel-Containing Systems in Reaction of Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons

“…To obtain monolithic catalysts as initial reagents, we used powders of NiO, MgO, Al, Ni, Al 2 O 3 , MgCO 3 . Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis was carried out in accordance with the methodology [10,13], the obtained samples contained different amount of Ni and were labelled as Ni-39, Ni-47, Ni-53, Ni-63; the number in the name of samples denotes the % weight content of nickel in the block. The obtained using SHS catalyst blocks of 1cm diameter and 1.5 high were tested in the temperature range from 700 to 900°С with contact time of 0.25 sec, and the 'natural gas / air' ratio equated to 1:2.6 vol.…”

“…Conceptually different approach is focused on production of monolithic catalyst which as a high ratio 'geometric surface / volume' with active component directly enclosed into the honeycombed structure. This can be realized under self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) [10] with varying metal and oxide components in the carrier [9]. The disadvantage of monoliths as catalysts is scaling issues and the problem of developing special reactor designs [4,6,7,10] and considering all this granular catalyst systems have significant advantages.…”

“…This can be realized under self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) [10] with varying metal and oxide components in the carrier [9]. The disadvantage of monoliths as catalysts is scaling issues and the problem of developing special reactor designs [4,6,7,10] and considering all this granular catalyst systems have significant advantages.…”

Economic evaluation of technology for a new generation biofuel production using wastes

“…Whey gave about 70% lactic acid with smaller amounts of butyric acid ( Table 2). The suitable solvent for OAs recovery was butanol-1, which could also serve as the subsequent OAs esterification alcohol to produce esters 17 suitable as a new generation biofuel. The concentration of total OAs produced during the scale-up experiments for cellulose, vinasse and whey, was about 16 g/L.…”

“…These properties allow their use, in combination with traditional fuels, in regular engines after minor modifications (Jayed et al, 2009). In addition, many other types of biofuels have been tested in compression-ignition and spark-ignition engines such as biomethanol (Ogden et al, 1999), biobutanol (Irimescu, 2012), bioethers (Petre et al, 2011), dimethyl ether (Toulson et al, 2010), Fischer-Tropsch diesel (Gill et al, 2011), biogas (Uusitalo et al, 2013), biohydrogen (Bakonyi et al, 2014) and syngas (Kirillov et al, 2012).…”