“…As a result, oligomeric surfactants exhibit viscoelasticity at lower salt and surfactant concentrations (Kusano et al, 2012(Kusano et al, , 2016. In addition to surfactant concentration (Wang et al, 2019;Wei et al, 2012), salt structure (Chen et al, 2018;Li et al, 2020), salinity (Lu et al, 2008), and carbon chain length (Acharya et al, 2004;Feng et al, 2022), the rheological properties of oligomeric surfactants are also determined by the type of spacer group (Garcia et al, 2017;Pei et al, 2011) and the degree of oligomerization (In et al, 2000;Kusano et al, 2012). Currently, studies on the rheological behavior of oligomeric surfactants focus on Gemini surfactants (Feng et al, 2022;Li et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2013).…”