Synthesis of a phosphorus‑silicone modifier imparting excellent flame retardancy and improved mechanical properties to a rapid cure epoxy

Fire-retardant unsaturated polyester thermosets: The state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities

“…However, due to environmental concern their use has become increasingly restricted. 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) is a well-known fire-retardant which has been used widely for epoxy thermoset as a reactive fire-retardant where the DOPO easily reacts with epoxide groups [52][53][54]. However, DOPO cannot react with UP directly, so it has been first reacted with dicarboxylic acid or maleic anhydride.…”

“…FRs. DOPO based derivatized fire-retardants have also been synthesised for epoxy [1,46,52,53,65,66] or thermoplastics [54,67]. DOPO containing triazine group, namely, 2,4,6-tris(pformylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TRIPOD)-DOPO was synthesised for a UP system [68].…”

“…Phosphorous containing and phosphorus and nitrogen synergistic FRs have been increasing in importance for more than two decades. In broad terms these modifiers interrupt the exothermic process by scavenging free radicals in the gaseous phase while at the same time, promoting degradation which increases the char residue in the condensed phase [42,53,69]. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a polymeric compound containing P and N elements.…”

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrided with DOPO and phenylboronic acid for flame‐retarded epoxy resin

“…[8][9][10] Furthermore, it has been reported that flame retardants containing POSS and DOPO can produce synergistic effect, thereby greatly enhancing the compatibility, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties of EP. [11][12][13] Recently, in order to further improve flame retardancy, many efforts have been devoted to construct multiple-element synergistic flame retardants composed of phosphorus, silicon, nitrogen, boron, 14 etc. Among these, boric acid and borate can form a dense glass layer on outside of the material during the degradation process, blocking the heat, and oxygen exchange, thus preventing the internal material from further degradation.…”

Preparation of a ternary hybrid of P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti and its enhancement of the flame retardancy of epoxy resins

“…[15,16] Its flame retardance was also studied. [17,18] The nano sized TiO 2 can enhance the thermal degradation [19,20] and consolidate the char layers [20,21] of the polymers.…”