Synthesis of biaryls using palladium nanoparticles immobilized on metformine-functionalized polystyrene resin as a reusable and efficient nanocatalyst

Modification of mesoporous silica was carried out by reaction of SBA‐15 with di‐urea‐based ligand. Next, with the help of this ligand, palladium ions were anchored within the multidentate SBA‐15/di‐urea pore channels with high dispersion. The SBA‐15/di‐urea/Pd catalyst was characterized using various techniques. Theoretical calculations indicated that each palladium ion was strongly interacted with one nitrogen and two oxygen atoms from the multidentate di‐urea ligand located in SBA‐15 channels and these interactions remained during the catalytic cycle. These results are in good agreement with those of hot filtration test: the palladium ions have very high stability against leaching from the SBA‐15/di‐urea support. The catalytic performance of SBA‐15/di‐urea/Pd nanostructure was examined for the Suzuki coupling reaction of phenylboronic acid and electronically diverse aryl halides under mild conditions with a minimal amount of Pd (0.26 mol%). Compared to previous reports, this protocol afforded some advantages such as short reaction times, high yields of products, catalyst stability without leaching, easy catalyst recovery and preservation of catalytic activity for at least six successive runs.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium‐anchored multidentate SBA‐15/di‐urea nanoreactor: A highly active catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction

Rohani

Ziarani

Badiei

et al. 2018

“…Figure (a) shows broad and weak peaks of 2 θ values at 40.02°, 47.92° and 68.1°, which are assigned to the corresponding (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0) indices of FCC lattice of metallic Pd (JCPDS 87–0638). It can be observed that the Pd diffraction peaks were clearly weak, indicating much more homogeneous dispersion of Pd NPs in fibrous matrix …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Finely dispersed palladium on silk‐fibroin as an efficient and ligand‐free catalyst for Heck cross‐coupling reaction

Mirzaei

Seyedi

2019

A palladium-fibroin complex (Pd/Fib.) was prepared by the addition of sonicated fibroin fiber in water to palladium acetate solution. Pd (OAc) 2 was absorbed by fibroin and reduced with NaBH 4 at room temperature to the Pd(0) nanoparticles. Powder-X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopyenergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared, CHN elemental analysis and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the Pd/Fib. catalyst. Catalytic activity of this finely dispersed palladium was examined in the Heck coupling reaction.The catalytic coupling of aryl halides (-Cl, -Br, -I) and olefins led to the formation of the corresponding coupled products in moderate to high yields under air atmosphere. A variety of substrates, including electron-rich and electronpoor aryl halides, were converted smoothly to the targeted products in simple procedure. Heterogeneous supported Pd catalyst can be recycled and reused several times.

“…In the first work, we functionalized polystyrene resin with metformine to modify palladium nanoparticles. After full characterization of structures, it was applied in the Suzuki coupling reaction . Next, we used the synthesized polystyrene modified with metformine to heterogenize copper chloride as a novel nanocatalyst (Ps‐Met/CuCl 2 ) that has been shown in the Scheme .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CuCl₂ heterogenized on metformine‐modified polystyrene resin as an antibacterial agent and recyclable nanocatalyst for Ullmann‐type C‐N coupling reactions

Veisi

Ahmadian

Mirshokraie

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Merrifield Resin was functionalized with metformine and applied as a solid support to immobilize the CuCl2. The Ps‐Met/CuCl2 was characterized by several techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (WDX) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The Ps‐Met/CuCl2 was used as an efficient recyclable solid nanocatalyst for N‐arylation of indole and aniline through coupling reactions of Ullmann‐type C‐N. The advantages of this method are easy workup, improved yields, and simple recovery via filtration. Ultimately, the Ps‐Met/CuCl2 antibacterial property was examined against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and indicated its antibacterial performance against gram negative (E. coli) bacteria and gram positive (Staph. aureus).