Synthesis of fluorescent G-quadruplex DNA binding ligands for the comparison of terminal group effects in molecular interaction: Phenol versus methoxybenzene

Broad Applications of Thiazole Orange in Fluorescent Sensing of Biomolecules and Ions

“…Over the years, many additional TO derivatives have been designed and tested for their selectivity towards G-quadruplexes. Some examples include cyclopentane-TO conjugates [ 117 ], isaindigotone derivatives for colorimetric detection [ 118 ], TO-BVMC conjugates [ 119 ], and various derivatives of styryl-TOs [ 120 , 121 , 122 ].…”

Structurally diverse G-quadruplexes as the noncanonical nucleic acid drug target for live cell imaging and antibacterial study

“…In an attempt to probe the crucial factors in rational design of G4-selective ligands, our group has developed several ligand systems. We found that, apart from adopting a planar core molecular fragment to construct G4-ligands, the overall molecular size, 116 symmetry, 117,118 flexibility, 83 and the character of terminal groups 119–122 may affect the in vitro selectivity of the ligand toward G4-structures against RNA, single- and double-stranded DNA. Our study suggests that some small-sized molecular scaffolds including benzothiazole-benzofuroquinolinium, 123,124 benzothiazole-indolium, 125 1-methylquinolinium, 126 thiazole orange 81,84,127 and benzo[ e ]indole 128 are good molecular fragments for the design of fluorescent G4-ligands to achieve high discrimination ability, sensitivity and quantum yield targeting certain types of G4s for in vitro sensing and live cell imaging.…”

Hollow Spherical Covalent Organic Frameworks from Nonplanar or Planar Monomers for the Fluorescence Detection of Telomere DNA: Role of the 2-(2-Azidoethoxy)ethoxy Group

“…Because of its biological value, monitoring telomere DNA is an important tool in pathology and clinical diagnosis. To acquire telomere DNA sequence fragments in detectable amounts, traditional telomere DNA analysis depends mainly on PCR and label-based detection assays. − The PCR assay is complicated and expensive. On the contrary, the label-based detection assays of telomere DNA depend on the hybridization of the target telomere sequence with its functionalized complementary DNA.…”

“…On the contrary, the label-based detection assays of telomere DNA depend on the hybridization of the target telomere sequence with its functionalized complementary DNA. Such complementary DNA is usually labeled with 32 P or biotin. − These label-based detection assays have several disadvantages, including high cost and time consumption. As a result, numerous inventive DNA detection assays have been developed, including magnetic bead, fluorescence, nylon membrane, and sandwich assay. − Among them, fluorescence assays are dominant owing to their obvious advantages of simple implementation and easy processing.…”