Synthesis of Isatin and its derivatives containing heterocyclic compounds

Abstract

Isatin or 1H-indole-2,3-dione or 2,3-dioxindole is an indole derivative. Isatin and its analogs are synthetically useful substances where they may be utilized for the production of a broad range of heterocyclic molecules, which are depicting a wide reach of biological and pharmacological activities, as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-TB, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, antitumor, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anti-analgesic, and antiplasmodial activities. Isatin is a precursor for many synthesized therapeutic molecules that are amenable to pharmacological action and have excellent biological potential. Isatin has a magnificent scaffold for both the natural and synthetic construction of molecules. These molecules are being used in drug therapy such as anticancer, antibiotic, and antidepressant drugs and have many more clinical applications. Due to its privileged scaffolding, the synthetic versatility of isatin has produced many structurally diverse derivatives, including the substitution of mono-, di-and trisubstitution of the aryl rings A and those derived by derivation of isatin nitrogen and C2 and C3 carbon moieties. As a result, improving and expediting access to isatin-related molecules is a challenging study in synthetic organic chemistry.

Vanillin-Isatin Hybrid-Induced MARK4 Inhibition As a Promising Therapeutic Strategy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…In a round-bottom flask with two necks, concentrated sulfuric acid (1.08 mL) was gently heated to 50 °C, and subsequently, dry isonitrosoacetanilide (5a-m) (1.52 mmol) was introduced. The addition of the latter was carefully controlled to maintain the reaction vessel’s temperature within the range of 60–70 °C . To ensure the completion of the reaction, the temperature of the reaction vessel was further raised to 80 °C for 15–20 min, which was confirmed by TLC.…”

“…The addition of the latter was carefully controlled to maintain the reaction vessel’s temperature within the range of 60–70 °C. 46 To ensure the completion of the reaction, the temperature of the reaction vessel was further raised to 80 °C for 15–20 min, which was confirmed by TLC. Afterward, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and added to ice water in a 3-fold excess.…”

Chronological development of functional fluorophores for bio-imaging

“…Isatin, with aromatic and antiaromatic rings, was synthesized in 1840 by Erdmann and Laurent. 150 Kekule ´established its current form, and furthermore its chemistry was studied by Sumpter, Popp, and Silva et al 151 Isatin displays diverse pharmacological actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, making it a significant compound in medicinal applications. Since development, this has not been explored in the field of bioimaging.…”

Iodine-catalyzed Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activity of Isatin Derivatives

“…Heterocyclic compounds have recently been widely researched and developed in the medical field because these compounds are the core structure of many drugs used in medicine [1][2]. In addition to the widely available heterocyclic compounds, they also have significant chemical, biological, and technical applications [3]. Heterocyclics can be found in natural materials, such as vitamins, hormones, antibiotics, and alkaloids, as well as drugs, herbicides, dyes, and other products, such as corrosion inhibitors and stabilizer agents [4][5][6].…”