Synthesis of Solid Acid Catalyst from Fly Ash for Eugenol Esterification

Abstract

A series of fly ash-based heterogeneous acid catalysts were prepared by chemical and thermal treatment. Fly ash was chemically activated using sulfuric acid and followed by thermal activation. Characterization methods of XRD, BET, SEM-EDX, and the performance in esterification of eugenyl acetate production was carried out to reveal the physical and chemical characteristics of prepared catalysts. Activated catalyst showed high silica content (96.5%) and high BET surface area of 70 m2.g-1. The catalyst was proven to be highly active solid acid catalyst for liquid phase esterification of eugenol with acetic acid yielding eugenyl acetate. A yield of 43-48% was obtained with activated fly ash catalysts for 90 minutes reaction. These catalysts may replace beneficially the conventional homogenous liquid acid to the eco-friendly heterogeneous one. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Characteristics of Heterogeneous Catalysts Fly Ash Fraction of Light Shell and Fiber of Palm Oil Mill Solid Waste Grown on Peatlands

“…Therefore, the large catalytic surface area obtained is due to the possibility of CaO being uneven throughout the pores [38]. The purpose of x-ray diffraction (X-RD) analysis is to obtain information about mineral changes and crystal structure characteristics of raw materials and products [39]. In Figure 3b.…”