Synthesis, optical properties and DFT-TDDFT computational study of phenothiazine dye: donor-acceptor molecules

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study aims to synthesize a novel donor–acceptor dye based on phenothiazine as a donor (D) and nonconjugated spacer was devised and synthesized by condensing of 2,2'-(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diylidene) dimalononitrile with aldehyde and the practical synthesis methodology as given in Scheme 1. Design/methodology/approach The prepared phenothiazine dye was systematically experimentally and theoretically examined and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H,13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory DT-DFT calculations were implemented to determine the electronic properties of the new dye Findings The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the synthesized dye was investigated in a variety of solvents with varying polarities to demonstrate positive solvatochromism correlated with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The probe’s quantum yields (Фf) are experimentally measured in ethanol, and the Stokes shifts are found to be in the 4846–9430 cm−1 range. Originality/value The findings depicted that the novel (D-π-A) chromophores may act as a significant factor in the organic optoelectronics.

Removal of Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Ectodermis of Prickly Pear Fruits-Based Bioadsorbent

“…The chemicals utilized in this study, including NaOH, 10H-phenothiazine, 1-bromohexane, and KI, are reagent grade chemicals, ≥98%, and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). In addition, 10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazine, 10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde, and PTZIDM were synthesized using the previously described methods [33,34].…”

“…PTZIDM was synthesized according to Scheme 1, as previously reported [34]. Thus, phenothiazine was N-alkylated, followed by Vilsmeier formylation to afford the corresponding 10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde in good yield.…”

Synthesis and spectral characterization of the phenothiazine-thiosemicarbazide probe for the optical solid-state detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+

“…Using the phenothiazine (PTZ) core, which shows strong luminescence and excellent photo-responsivity and is oen employed as an electron donor in dye-sensitized solar cells and organic light-emitted diodes, [33][34][35][36] for heavy metal detection is a novel strategy. To the best of our knowledge, there have been just a few reports on using uorescent probes based on PTZ.…”