Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological investigation of new organoruthenium(II) complexes with N, X-donor (X = S, O) heterocyclic chelators

Unraveling the Anticancer Efficacy and Biomolecular Properties of Ru(II)-Arene Complexes of Pyrene-Based Thiosemicarbazone Ligands: A Comprehensive In Silico/In Vitro Exploration

“…The pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde TSC ligands (L1P-L3P) were synthesized from the pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde (230 mg, 1 mmol) with pyrrolidine-1-carbothiohydrazide, morpholine-4-carbothiohydrazide, and 4-cyclohexylthiosemicarbazide by following the previously reported procedures . As shown in earlier research, TSCs with a heterocyclic or aromatic N-terminal substituent (electron-donating character) are more effective against cancer cells. , L1P and L2P were two of the ligands used that we had previously reported …”

“…24,25 L1P and L2P were two of the ligands used that we had previously reported. 13 2.1.2. Ru(II)-p-Cymene Complexes.…”

“…Ru­(II)-arene complexes have frequently been coordinated with bioactive ligands such as thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) to synthesize Ru-TSCs, with the ligands’ pharmacological properties further regulated by the metal ion. − Additionally, the anticancer efficacy of pyrrolidine, morpholine, and cyclohexyl amine as the N4-substituents of thiosemicarbazones have been explored, while avoiding acyclic amines due to health concerns. , For instance, Balakrishnan et al’s N-substituted indole-based TSCs attached cationic Ru­(II)­(η 6 -benzene) complexes exhibit preferential cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, A459, and MCF-7, as compared to KP1019 (which is already in clinical trials) . A few of these complexes fare better than cisplatin, as well.…”

“…The p-cymene system displayed specific signals, such as a singlet for the methyl proton at 1.99 ppm, a multiplet for the C−H proton at 2.72−2.52 ppm, and a doublet of a doublet for the isopropyl methyl group's six protons at 1.10−1.08 ppm. The aromatic protons of the p-cymene ring were observed as a doublet between 5.32 and 4.52 ppm (see FiguresS12 and S14−S19).33 In the13 C NMR spectra of L3P, the C�S and C�N carbons appeared at 176.1 and 140.5 ppm, respectively. The cyclohexyl carbons were observed around 53.3, 32.2, 25.6, and 25.4 ppm.…”