Synthesis, structure and biological activity of silver(I) complexes containing triphenylphosphine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ligands

Silver(I) Complexes with Mefenamic Acid and Nitrogen Heterocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation

“…Hence, A549 cells were selected to further test the activity of complex 1 in the following experiments. Complex 1 has better antitumor activity, probably because its hydrophobicity is the strongest among the four compounds, which enables 1 to cross the cell membrane more easily. , The cytotoxicity of complex 1 to the A549 cell line is higher than that of the six reported Ag­(I)–NSAID complexes, but complexes 2 , 3 , and 4 exhibit less toxicity to A549 cells than those six compounds. − Complex 1 displays stronger activity against the HepG-2 cancer cells compared with [AgH­(nif) 2 ], [Ag­(tpp) 2 (tolf)], and [Ag­(tpp) 2 (ibu)]; however, the four complexes ( 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 ) show lower cytotoxicity in HepG-2 than other silver­(I) compounds of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. ,,− Complexes 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 have relatively low toxicity toward MCF-7 cells, and their IC 50 values are less than those of the previously reported silver­(I)–NSAID complexes. ,,,− …”

“…27−29 Recently, metal complexes based on NSAIDs have gained great interest, and they are often more active than free NSAIDs. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]47,[80][81][82][83]86 Mefenamic acid (Hmef), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is used as an effective analgesic and antipyretic. Several research groups have reported metal complexes with mefenamic acid as ligands and have evaluated their biological activities.…”

“…However, the use of platinum-based drugs has been limited because of their side effects and drug resistance . To enhance cancer treatment and overcome the drawbacks associated with platinum-based drugs, nonplatinum metal complexes have been studied and suggested as potential alternatives for cancer treatment. − However, among the nonplatinum metal complexes, complexes of ruthenium, iron, copper, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium, rhodium, gold, and silver have received attention widely. , Recent research has shown that many silver­(I) complexes exhibit significant anticancer efficacy as potential anticancer drugs. − ,,,,− Some silver­(I) complexes exhibit significant in vitro anticancer activity, surpassing that of cisplatin. ,− ,,,,,,− Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever . The primary function of NSAIDs is to block the production of prostaglandins through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) .…”

“…Therefore, NSAIDs are used as promising chemopreventive agents for cancer . Moreover, some NSAIDs may exhibit synergistic anticancer effects with diverse anticancer drugs, − and some NSAIDs have shown anticancer activity. − Recently, metal complexes based on NSAIDs have gained great interest, and they are often more active than free NSAIDs. − ,,− , Mefenamic acid (Hmef), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is used as an effective analgesic and antipyretic. Several research groups have reported metal complexes with mefenamic acid as ligands and have evaluated their biological activities. ,− ,, Several silver­(I) complexes with the mefenamato ligand have been identified in the reported metal complexes of mefenamic acid with significant anticancer activity. ,, …”