Synthesize and introduce bio-based aromatic s-triazine in epoxy resin: Enabling extremely high thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy to achieve high-performance sustainable polymers

Qi, Yu; Weng, Zhihuan; Kou, Yan; Song, Limin; Li, Jiahui; Wang, Jinyan; Zhang, Shouhai; Liu, Cheng; Jian, Xigao

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.126881

Cited by 147 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Further elevating the temperature to 350 • C, the decreased intensity of the characteristic absorption peaks at around 2900, 1500, 1250, and 1100 cm −1 , demonstrate that the C−H, aromatic ring, Ar−O−C, and C−N are degrading gradually. 44,46 Moreover, compared with PDD0, the composition of PDD10 starts to change at a higher temperature, confirming the better thermal stability of PDD10. It is worth noting that PDD0 owns several C−H groups even at the high temperature of 450 • C, while this kind of group is nearly disappeared in PDD10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Replacing “Alkyl” with “Aryl” for inducing accessible channels to closed pores as plateau‐dominated sodium‐ion battery anode

Shao

Cao

Liu

et al. 2022

SusMat

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Hard carbons are promising anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. However, there is still considerable controversy regarding the sodium storage behaviors in hard carbons, which are mainly attributed to the varied precursors, confused pyrolysis mechanism, and different characterization methods. Herein, benefiting from the flexible molecular structure of polymers, a series of hard carbons with carefully tuned microstructures are fabricated by adjusting the ratio of aryl and alkyl groups in the epoxy resins. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis, in‐situ Fourier transform infrared spectra, and synchronous thermal gravimetric‐infrared spectrum‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry reveal that replacing the alkyl with aryl groups in the resin can enhance the crosslink density, inhibit the degradation and rearrangement process, and further lead to a more disordered microstructure. In addition, it is suggested that accessible channels provided by sufficiently wide interlayer spacing are necessary for closed pore filling. The optimized anode delivers a high capacity of 375 mAh/g in half cell with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 80.61%, and an energy density of 252 Wh/kg is attained in full cell. Finally, a reliable relationship among precursor–pyrolysis mechanism–structure–performance is established, and the sodium storage mechanism of “adsorption–insertion–pore filling” is well proved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Replacing “Alkyl” with “Aryl” for inducing accessible channels to closed pores as plateau‐dominated sodium‐ion battery anode

Shao

Cao

Liu

et al. 2022

SusMat

Self Cite

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“…At T di (440°C), the CO 2 peaks increase, accompanied by the emergence of H 2 O (3652 cm −1 ) and hydrocarbons (3130–2800 cm −1 ) 40 . When the temperature reaches T max (466°C), besides the strengthened peaks of H 2 O and hydrocarbons, new peaks including various carbonyl compounds (1715 cm −1 ), aromatic compounds (1624 and 1375 cm −1 ), nitrogen oxides (1509 cm −1 ) and esters (1167 cm −1 ) 41 appear, indicating that the polymer chains have fractured, and some esters coupled with the generation of CO 2 and NO x have formed. With the increase of temperature, hydrocarbons and CO 2 gradually decrease; while the signals of other compounds exist even the temperature reaches 800°C, demonstrating that the resin still degrades at such high temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing non‐halogen and non‐phosphorous flame retardant bismaleimide resin with high thermal resistance and high toughness through building crosslinked network with Schiff base structure

Yuan

Liang

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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High flame retardancy has become a necessary property for heat‐resistant thermosetting resins (HRTRs) in many cutting‐edge fields. However, developing HRTRs with excellent flame retardancy through sustainable strategy (halogen‐free and phosphorus‐free) is still a great challenge. Herein, a novel halogen‐free and phosphorus‐free allyl compound with Schiff base structure (PDM) was efficiently synthesized from biobased protocatechualdehyde, and then four new flame retarding bismaleimide resins (BP1, BP2, BP3, BP4) were developed by building crosslinked network with PDM. The molar ratio of allyl to imide has a significant effect on performances of BP resins, BP2 resin (its molar ratio of allyl to imide is 0.86) shows the best integrated performances, it has not only high impact strength (14.37 ± 1.1 kJ/m2), but also the highest glass transition temperature (343.5°C) and limiting oxygen index (36.4%) among halogen‐free and phosphorus‐free flame retarding bismaleimide resins reported so far. The investigation on flame retardant mechanism of BP resins shows that the mechanism includes condensed‐phase and gas‐phase flame retarding effects.

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“…After curing by 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenyl sulfone, the thermosets showed excellent T g (300 C) and considerable mechanical properties (53.9% and 14.3% higher respectively) compared to the DGEBA counterpart. 40 Eugenol possesses two reactive functional groups (phenolic hydroxyl and allyl). When the phenolic group was integrated by epoxy reactant and the allyl was unchanged, a monofunctional eugenol-based epoxy resin could be obtained, which was used as reactive diluent or additive.…”

Section: High Performance Bio-based Epoxy Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jian and Weng et al developed a trifunctional bio‐based epoxy resin bearing triazine structure through the conversion of aldehydes to cyan and cyclization (Scheme 4(B)). After curing by 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone, the thermosets showed excellent T g (300°C) and considerable mechanical properties (53.9% and 14.3% higher respectively) compared to the DGEBA counterpart 40 …”

Section: Bio‐based Epoxy Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development on bio‐based thermosetting resins

Liu

Zhang

Shun

et al. 2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Due to the rapid depletion of crude oil and serious environmental pollution, the synthesis of polymers from renewable resource is becoming more and more important. Up to now, a great variety of biomass and bio-based platform compounds have been taken to prepare the polymers. However, as two representative thermosetting resins, epoxy and benzoxazine resin derived from renewable feedstocks only obtain limited attention compared with the popular bio-based plastics, including PLA, PBAT and PHBV etc. The reason might be that the properties of previously reported thermosetting resins directly obtained from biomass are usually unsatisfied, and their application fields are limited. In this paper, the latest development on the synthesis of highperformance bio-based epoxy and polybenzoxazine resins are reviewed. In addition, to further broaden their applications, the functionalization strategies are also summarized. The objective of this work is to help us fully aware the present situation of bio-based thermosetting resins and then promote their faster development, especially practical application.

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Synthesize and introduce bio-based aromatic s-triazine in epoxy resin: Enabling extremely high thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy to achieve high-performance sustainable polymers

Cited by 147 publications

References 80 publications

Replacing “Alkyl” with “Aryl” for inducing accessible channels to closed pores as plateau‐dominated sodium‐ion battery anode

Replacing “Alkyl” with “Aryl” for inducing accessible channels to closed pores as plateau‐dominated sodium‐ion battery anode

Developing non‐halogen and non‐phosphorous flame retardant bismaleimide resin with high thermal resistance and high toughness through building crosslinked network with Schiff base structure

Recent development on bio‐based thermosetting resins

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