“…In effect, refugees' social integration relies on markers and means (e.g., employment, housing, education, health), social connections (e.g., social bridges, social bonds, social links), facilitators (e.g., language and cultural knowledge, safety, and stability), and the basic foundations for success in a new land (safety, rights, and citizenship). However, given the racial, social, and economic divergences in resettlement countries, and in keeping with most Syrian refugees' experiences, a layer of exclusionary laws and policies tends to inhibit their opportunities for successful integration (Atar et al, 2022;Bruhn;Gonzales, 2023;Dionigi, 2023;Viczko;Matsumoto, 2022).…”