High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used in a large extent for environmental analysis. In this field many components have to be determined at the same time, but it is difficult to find the optimum separation conditions. Therefore, retention times of explosives and propellant components were determined at different solvent compositions of methanol/water and different temperatures on a column with an octadecyl phase. From the data constants were calculated for solvent and temperature dependence. With the determined data different column conditions were simulated by computer and the separation was optimized. The optimal separation was verified experimentally and compared with the calculated values. The deviation from calculated and experimental retention times lies as a rule below 2% and has a maximum of approximately 3.3%. Thus, separation of substance mixtures can be optimized by determination of column constants for temperature and solvent dependence.