System Level Evaluation of UE-to-Network Relays in D2D-Enabled LTE Networks

Gamboa, Samantha; Thanigaivel, Raghav; Rouil, Richard

doi:10.1109/camad.2019.8858441

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Existing work on UE-to-Network Relays focuses on the relay discovery and selection [2][3] [4], end-to-end communication performance [5], and energy efficiency [6] [7].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of timers related to ProSe-based UE-to-network relays

Mosbah¹,

Gamboa²,

Rouil³

2021

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User Equipment (UE)-to-Network Relay functionality was introduced in Release 13 of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) to extend and improve user connectivity. In this architecture, a UE connected to the network (relay UE) provides network access to another UE (remote UE) by establishing a direct one-toone connection with it using the sidelink (SL) channels over the PC5 interface. The PC5 signalling is used for the establishment and maintenance of this direct connection, and different procedures and timers are linked to these processes. In this paper, we focus on describing and evaluating the PC5 signalling protocol performance through system-level simulations to provide some insights on minimum timer values that may increase the probability of successfully establishing and maintaining the connection between a remote UE and a relay UE.

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“…Existing work on UE-to-Network Relays focuses on the relay discovery and selection [2][3] [4], end-to-end communication performance [5], and energy efficiency [6] [7].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We performed system-level simulations using the ns-3 ProSe model described in [5,13] (publicly available in [14]), which supports the UE-to-Network Relay capability.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of timers related to ProSe-based UE-to-network relays

Mosbah¹,

Gamboa²,

Rouil³

2021

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“…However, only Layer 1 and Layer 2 functions are insufficient to support the UE-to-network relay, and additional procedures on the top of Layer 1 and Layer 2 (i.e., Layer 3) are required. As a result, the UE-to-network relay in Release 13 is a Layer 3 based relay [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3GPP NR Sidelink Transmissions Toward 5G V2X

et al. 2020

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Featuring direct communications between two user equipments (UEs) without signal relay through a base station, 3GPP sidelink transmissions have manifested their crucial roles in the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Advanced (LTE-A) for public safety and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services. With this successful development in LTE-A, the evolution of sidelink transmissions continues in 3GPP New Radio (NR), which renders sidelink an inevitable component as well as downlink and uplink. Targeting at offering low latency, high reliability and high throughout V2X services for advanced driving use cases, a number of new sidelink functions not provided in the LTE-A are supported in NR, including the feedback channel, grant-free access, enhanced channel sensing procedure, and new control channel design. To fully comprehend these new functions, this paper therefore provides essential knowledge of 3GPP NR sidelink transmissions, including the physical layer structure, resource allocation mechanisms, resource sensing and selection procedures, synchronization, and quality-of-service (QoS) management. Furthermore, this paper also provides performance evaluation to assess the gains brought from the new control channel design. As NR sidelink transmissions have been regarded as a foundation to provide advanced services other than V2X in future releases (e.g., advanced relay), potential enhancements are also discussed to serve the urgent demand in corresponding normative works.

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“…Both models have advantages and it is up to network operators to choose the configuration parameters that fulfill their requirements. For example, Gamboa et al have shown that Model A allows faster discovery than Model B for equivalent network configurations, but Relay UEs using Model B transmit fewer messages and hence consume less energy than Relay UEs that use Model A, which requires them to continuously transmit discovery messages [4]. Analytical and simulation models are valuable tools for evaluating such design trade-offs and for planning public safety network deployments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytical model developed in this document was validated using system-level simulations performed using the ns-3 ProSe module described in [7] and enhanced with the UE-to-Network Relay functionality in [4]. Therefore, it allows network planners to examine the impact of input parameters of interest and identify trends using only a fraction of the computational resources required by simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UE-to-network relay model B discovery in ProSe-enabled LTE networks

Moreaux¹,

Gamboa²,

Griffith³

et al. 2021

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In this document, we expand previous analytical models to offer a more complete representation of Model B direct discovery protocol used for Proximity Services (ProSe) User Equipment (UE) relay functionality, called UE-to-Network Relay. Using these models, we can obtain performance metrics such as the average time a given Remote UE takes to discover a Relay UE, and we can examine the sensitivity of the discovery performance to various input parameters such as the number of Remote UEs, the number of Relay UEs, and the discovery message transmission rate. We use ns-3 system-level simulations to validate our analytical model and we demonstrate the performance of the UE-to-Network Relay discovery protocol for different values of the discovery message transmission probability, which is a system parameter that the UE can use to throttle its discovery message transmission rate to reduce the probability of collisions.

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System Level Evaluation of UE-to-Network Relays in D2D-Enabled LTE Networks

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of timers related to ProSe-based UE-to-network relays

Evaluation of timers related to ProSe-based UE-to-network relays

3GPP NR Sidelink Transmissions Toward 5G V2X

UE-to-network relay model B discovery in ProSe-enabled LTE networks

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