Systematic Adjustments of Hydrographic Sections for Internal Consistency*

Johnson, Gregory C.; Robbins, Paul E.; Hufford, Gwyneth E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<1234:saohsf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 76 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The crossover and inversion analysis (Gouretski and Jancke, 2001;Johnson et al, 2001) used to evaluate the consistency of the Nordic Seas nutrients data, was carried out using the version of the cnaX routines (Tanhua et al, 2010c) described by (Olsen et al, 2009). Briefly, the crossover points were found by identifying all station pairs, from different cruises, within 300 km from each other.…”

Section: Crossover and Inversion Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also note that whereas the crossover analysis is normally carried out using temperature or density as ordinate, depth was used in the Nordic Seas because of the small gradients of both temperature and density in this region. The offsets and uncertainties from all cruises were used to generate the set of corrections that maximized the consistency between the cruises using a least square model inversion, the weighted least square (WLSQ) inversion of (Johnson et al, 2001), which weights each crossover offset by its standard deviation so that offsets with large uncertainty are less influential than crossovers with small uncertainty. The data from 32L919920715, OMEX1NS and Iceland Sea time series were not included in this analysis because of lack of samples from deeper than 1900 dbar.…”

Section: Crossover and Inversion Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nordic Seas nutrients data in CARINA

Ólafsson

Olsen

2010

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract.Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been assembled and the collection merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments, the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates, and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas is the collective term for the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution presents an account of the quality control of the nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) data from the Nordic Seas in CARINA. Out of the 35 cruises from the Nordic Seas included in CARINA, 33 had nutrients data. The nitrate data from 4 of these appeared to be of so poor quality that they should not be used, for phosphate this number is 7 and for silicate it is 3. We also recommend that the nitrate data from 4 of the cruises should be adjusted, for phosphate and silicate only data from one cruise should be adjusted. The final data appears consistent to 5% based on evaluation of deep data. For nitrate this corresponds to 0.6 µmol kg −1 , and for phosphate and silicate it corresponds to 0.04 and 0.6 µmol kg −1 , respectively. Data coverage and parameter measuredRepository-Reference:

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Section: Crossover and Inversion Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crossover and Inversion Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nordic Seas nutrients data in CARINA

Ólafsson

Olsen

2010

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…Thus each cruise gets a set of offsets compared to the other cruises. This set of offsets are then inverted using the Weighted Least Squares (WLSQ) approach of Johnson et al (2001) to find the corrections which maximizes the consistency of the data from the different cruises.…”

Section: Consistency Analysesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The consistency analysis was carried out using the crossover and inversion approach (Gouretski and Jancke, 2001;Johnson et al, 2001;Tanhua et al, 2009b), customised as described by Olsen et al (2009). Another possible approach would be multiparameter linear regressions (MLRs), similar to Wanninkhof et al (2003), however, at the time of our analyses the consistency of the nutrient data had not been evaluated and since any inconsistencies would propagate into the MLRs, this method was not used.…”

Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nordic Seas total dissolved inorganic carbon data in CARINA

Olsen

2009

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract.Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas includes the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution presents an account of the quality control of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO 2 ) data from the Nordic Seas in CARINA. Out of the 35 cruises from the Nordic Seas included in CARINA, 25 had TCO 2 data. The data from 7 of these were found to be of low quality and should not be used, thus the final CARINA data product contains TCO 2 data from 18 cruises from the Nordic Seas. These data appear consistent to at least 4 µmol kg −1 . Data coverage and parameter measuredRepository-Reference:

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Detecting decadal scale increases in anthropogenic CO₂ in the ocean

Kouketsu

Murata

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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We used two methods to evaluate the uncertainty of estimates of decadal scale increases of anthropogenic CO 2 in the ocean: analysis of changes along observation sections and analysis of gridded data produced by a statistical model. Both methods yielded similar results, although some differences were apparent. Clear differences existed where large estimation uncertainties were associated with the use of gridded data. The sparsity of observations and influences of isopycnal heaving, water mass shifts, and other factors accounted for the large uncertainties of the estimates. Our results clearly indicated that more frequent observations will be necessary to understand anthropogenic CO 2 changes around Antarctica, which is an important anthropogenic CO 2 sink. The rate of increase of global anthropogenic CO 2 storage in the most recent decade was estimated to be 28.7 Pg C decade À1 on the basis of changes along sections, which is a little larger than previous estimates based on model studies. The uncertainty based on the statistical method was as much as ±4.4 Pg C decade À1 .

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Systematic Adjustments of Hydrographic Sections for Internal Consistency*

Cited by 76 publications

References 5 publications

Nordic Seas nutrients data in CARINA

Nordic Seas nutrients data in CARINA

Nordic Seas total dissolved inorganic carbon data in CARINA

Detecting decadal scale increases in anthropogenic CO₂ in the ocean

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Systematic Adjustments of Hydrographic Sections for Internal Consistency*

Cited by 76 publications

References 5 publications

Nordic Seas nutrients data in CARINA

Nordic Seas nutrients data in CARINA

Nordic Seas total dissolved inorganic carbon data in CARINA

Detecting decadal scale increases in anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean

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Product

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Detecting decadal scale increases in anthropogenic CO₂ in the ocean