Systematic Evaluation of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children Under Five: The Pneumococcal Global Serotype Project

Johnson, Hope L.; Knoll, Maria Deloria; Levine, Orin S.; Stoszek, Sonia K.; Hance, Laura Freimanis; Reithinger, Richard; Muenz, Larry R.; O'Brien, Katherine L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000348

Cited by 481 publications

(430 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The patterns of transmission of the pneumococcus in developing countries are less well understood than in the industrialized world so that vaccination of a limited cohort of children may be less able to induce herd immunity. It will be of particular interest to evaluate the impact of PCV10 and 13 in infants on the epidemiology of the type 1 pneumococcus, which is the predominant pneumococcal type in developing countries [63], but it appears to be rarely carried by children. Furthermore, immunity to this type could not be demonstrated in the trials of the 9-valent conjugate vaccines in Africa.…”

Section: Unresolved Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

Klugman

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and is also the leading infectious cause of death in adults. The most important cause of pneumonia is the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as the pneumococcus. It has thus become the leading vaccine-preventable cause of death and is a successful and diverse human pathogen. The development of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines has made possible the prevention of pneumococcal disease in infants, but has also elucidated aspects of pneumococcal biology in a number of ways. Use of the vaccine as a probe has increased our understanding of the burden of pneumococcal disease in children globally. Vaccination has also elucidated the clinical spectrum of vaccine-preventable pneumococcal infections; the identification of a biological niche for multiple pneumococcal serotypes in carriage and the differential invasiveness of pneumococcal serotypes; the impact of pneumococcal transmission among children on disease burden in adults; the role of carriage as a precursor to pneumonia; the plasticity of a naturally transformable pathogen to respond to selective pressure through capsular switching and the accumulation of antibioticresistance determinants; and the role of pneumococcal infections in hospitalization and mortality associated with respiratory viral infections, including both seasonal and pandemic influenza. Finally, there has been a recent demonstration that pneumococcal pneumonia in children may be an important cause of hospitalization for those with underlying tuberculosis.

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Section: Unresolved Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

Klugman

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…In the USA, introduction of PCV7 was followed by a 27% reduction in IPD among under 18 years and a 35% reduction among children under 2-year-old [15]. For PCV7 and other PCV13, the safety efficacy and effectiveness have been, in practice, established in different settings [22,23]. 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine includes capsular antigens of serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Heptavalent Vaccine- related Pneumococcal Serotypes in Nasopharyngeal carrier in children under five years old in Shahrekord, Iran by Multiplex-PCR during 2010- 2011

Khoshdel

Rastabi

Doosti

et al. 2014

JCDR

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“…Invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children [1,2,3 • , 4 •• ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.2 million infants die of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) each year, primarily in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children aged \2 years, adults [65 years of age, and immunocompromised individuals remain at highest risk for IPD, defined as isolation of S. pneumoniae from a normally sterile body fluid [7]. Seven pneumococcal serotypes (1, 5, 6A, 6B, 14, 19F, and 23F) cause most cases of IPD in children worldwide [2,8,9]. The extent of disease due to different serotypes can vary by age, ethnicity, country, time, and clinical presentation [4 •• ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections and Their Treatment

Shetty

Maldonado

2013

Curr Pediatr Rep

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Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in resource-rich and low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause a wide spectrum of invasive and non-invasive disease. In resourcerich countries, implementation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been a significant public health achievement. Dramatic decrease in pediatric IPD incidence occurred after PCV7 implementation, but emergence of multi-drug-resistant non-vaccine serotypes (especially 19A) remains a concern. The recently introduced 13-valent PCV (PCV13) has the potential to further reduce the burden of IPD due to serotypes not contained in PCV7. Given the diversity of pneumococcal serotypes and the possibility of serotype replacement disease, innovative approaches to development of pneumococcal vaccines are needed. Continued surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance is crucial to evaluate the impact of PCV13 vaccine. Improved access to PCVs is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality related to IPD in LMIC.

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Systematic Evaluation of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children Under Five: The Pneumococcal Global Serotype Project

Abstract: Hope Johnson and colleagues calculate the global and regional burden of serotype-specific pneumococcal disease in children under the age of five.

Cited by 481 publications

References 18 publications

Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

Contribution of vaccines to our understanding of pneumococcal disease

Prevalence of Heptavalent Vaccine- related Pneumococcal Serotypes in Nasopharyngeal carrier in children under five years old in Shahrekord, Iran by Multiplex-PCR during 2010- 2011

Current Trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections and Their Treatment

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