Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus in Brazil: A One-Health Approach of the Human-Animal-Environment Triad

Moraes, Danny Franciele da Silva Dias; Mesquita, João R.; Dutra, Valéria; Nascimento, María Säo José

doi:10.3390/ani11082290

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…HEV-3 is known to have a zoonotic origin and has been reported worldwide, being the predominant genotype in Europe and America [ 57 ]. In fact, HEV-3 is the only reported genotype in humans, animals and environments in Brazil [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil

Cunha

Luchs

Azevedo

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen associated with relevant public health issues. The aim of this study was to investigate HEV presence in free-living capybaras inhabiting urban parks in São Paulo state, Brazil. Molecular characterization of HEV positive samples was undertaken to elucidate the genetic diversity of the virus in these animals. A total of 337 fecal samples were screened for HEV using RT-qPCR and further confirmed by conventional nested RT-PCR. HEV genotype and subtype were determined using Sanger and next-generation sequencing. HEV was detected in one specimen (0.3%) and assigned as HEV-3f. The IAL-HEV_921 HEV-3f strain showed a close relationship to European swine, wild boar and human strains (90.7–93.2% nt), suggesting an interspecies transmission. Molecular epidemiology of HEV is poorly investigated in Brazil; subtype 3f has been reported in swine. This is the first report of HEV detected in capybara stool samples worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our knowledge concerning autochthonous HEV-3f infection in Brazil is very limited. HEV is not commonly investigated in Brazil and there is a gap in the understanding of its molecular epidemiology [ 61 ]. So far, subtype 3f has only been detected in swine in Brazil [ 60 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil

Cunha

Luchs

Azevedo

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…A região brasileira com a maior prevalência de casos humanos de Hepatite E é a região sul, que também é a maior produtora de suínos no Brasil, o que reforça o caráter zoonótico desta doença (MORAES et al 2021).…”

Section: A áGua Na Saúde Animal E Humanaunclassified

A importância da água dentro do conceito de saúde única

Souza¹,

Silva²,

Pereira³

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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A água é essencial para a sobrevivência e manutenção de todos os organismos vivos. Sua importância vai além da atuação como solvente universal e da representação prática da Saúde Única, possuindo impacto direto e indireto na saúde humana, animal e ambiental. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa que aborda a água como recurso finito e escasso; os valores socioeconômicos atribuídos à água; a água na saúde humana e animal; e a relação água e meio ambiente. A água de consumo é de apenas 2,5% do total, sendo apenas 8% destinada para abastecimento urbano, enquanto que 23% é consumido, de diversas maneiras, apenas pela indústria. Sem contar que é uma commodity passiva de cobrança, deixando em segundo plano o consumo da população e priorizando a monetização. Contudo, a Organização Mundial da Saúde procurou estabelecer diretrizes que visam a padronização da qualidade de água distribuída e o Brasil buscou estabelecer parâmetros para avaliação da qualidade da água. Ademais, a relação homem-ambiente está em constante interação, impossível fazer sua desassociação. Logo, a fome, sede e falta de higiene são fatores que afetam a saúde, seja animal ou humana, e são consequência da mínima infraestrutura hídrica, sendo o investimento em saneamento básico, na educação e em políticas públicas de gestão o caminho para reverter essa realidade.

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“…Li et al published a systematic review on the global epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection and related risk factors (Li et al, 2020). A systematic review conducted only in Brazil collected and analysed data on HEV in humans, animals, and the environment from a One Health perspective indicating that HEV-3 is widespread in the country, and sanitary surveillance is essential in the national production of pigs (Moraes et al, 2021). Modiyinji et al conducted a systematic review on the prevalence of HEV in animals in Africa, highlighting that some animals could be the reservoir of HEV, and suggesting the need of molecular epidemiological studies for investigating zoonotic transmission (Modiyinji et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans, through foodborne, zoonotic, and waterborne transmission routes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HEV in water matrices. Six categories were defined: untreated and treated wastewater, surface water (river, lake, and seawater), drinking water, groundwater, and other water environments (irrigation water, grey water, reservoir water, flood water, and effluent of pig slaughterhouse). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Study selection and data extraction were performed by at least two independent investigators. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameter. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021289116. We included 87 prevalence studies from 58 papers, 66.4% of which performed in Europe. The overall prevalence of HEV in water was 9.8% (95% CI 6.4–13.7). The prevalence was higher in untreated wastewater (15.1%) and lower in treated wastewater (3.8%) and in drinking water (4.7%). In surface water, prevalence was 7.4%, and in groundwater, the percentage of positive samples, from only one study available, was 8.3%. Overall, only 36.8% of the studies reported the genotype of HEV, with genotype 3 (HEV-3) prevalent (168 samples), followed by HEV-1 (148 sample), and HEV-4 (2 samples). High-income countries were the most represented with 59/87 studies (67.8%), while only 3/87 (3.5%) of the studies were performed in low-income countries. The overall prevalence obtained of this study was generally higher in industrialized countries. Risk of bias was low in 14.9% of the studies and moderate in 85.1%. The results of this review showed the occurrence of HEV in different waters environments also in industrialized countries with sanitation and safe water supplies. While HEV transmission to humans through water has been widely demonstrated in developing countries, it is an issue still pending in industrialized countries. Better knowledge on the source of pollution, occurrence, survival in water, and removal by water treatment is needed to unravel this transmission path. Graphical Abstract

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Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus in Brazil: A One-Health Approach of the Human-Animal-Environment Triad

Cited by 14 publications

References 108 publications

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil

A importância da água dentro do conceito de saúde única

Hepatitis E Virus in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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