Systematic Review of Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug‐Induced Adverse Effects in Dogs

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review was to identify, assess, and critically evaluate the quality of evidence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced adverse effects in dogs. Original prospective studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English (1990English ( -2012 that reported data on the safety of NSAIDs administration in dogs were searched. For each study, design type (I, II, III, or IV) and assessment of quality (+, Ø, À) were rated. For each drug, quantity and consistency rating (***, **, *) and strength of evidence (high, moderate, low, or extremely low) were identified and evaluated. The strength of evidence was defined in terms of how applicable and relevant the conclusions were to the target population. Sixty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-five (55%) research studies and 29 (45%) clinical trials were identified. A high strength of evidence existed for carprofen, firocoxib, and meloxicam; moderate for deracoxib, ketoprofen, and robenacoxib; and low for etodolac. Quality and consistency rating were as follows: carprofen (***/***), deracoxib (**/***), etodolac (*/unable to rate), firocoxib (***/**), ketoprofen (**/***), meloxicam (***/***), and robenacoxib (**/ **), respectively. Adverse effects were detected in 35 studies (55%) and commonly included vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Three studies (5%) reported a power analysis related to adverse effects of ≥80%. In randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded studies (n = 25, 39%), the incidence of adverse effects was not statistically different between treated and control dogs. Finally, most studies were not appropriately designed to determine the safety of NSAIDs, and involved a healthy nongeriatric population of research dogs.

Anti-Arthritic Efficacy And Safety Of Crominex® 3+ (Trivalent Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Extract, And Shilajit) In Moderately Arthritic Dogs

“…Unfortunately, chronic use of some of these NSAIDS has been linked to adverse events, including reduced appetite, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic and renal dysfunction [32,36,[38][39][40][41][42]. In a most recent placebo-controlled blinded prospective study, Monteiro-Steagall et al [37] reported that the incidence of adverse effects was statistically insignificant between treated and control dogs. Due to these concerns, dog owners and veterinarians have considered managing OA associated inflammation and pain in canine patients with nutraceuticals, herbs and other disease modifying agents which have minimal or no side effects [43].…”

“…Pain after physical exertion, on a disease modifying agents and physical therapy with acupuncture have been used [19][20][21][22][23][31][32][33][34][35]. In the recent past, to manage OA in canine patients, most veterinarians have commonly used cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), such as deracoxib, etodolac, carprofen, firocoxib, ketoprofen, meloxicam, rofecoxib, tepoxalin and others [36,37]. Unfortunately, chronic use of some of these NSAIDS has been linked to adverse events, including reduced appetite, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic and renal dysfunction [32,36,[38][39][40][41][42].…”

Histological Characteristics of Liver Tissue in Rats Receiving Carprofen for a Long Time

“…В систематическом обзоре [4] указывается, что частота побочных эффектов, связан-ных с поражением слизистой желудочно-кишечного тракта при приеме карпрофена составляет до 3,8%, а ча-стота возникновения гепатопатий (по мониторингу сы-вороточной активности печеночных ферментов) -0,05%. MacPhail C.M.…”

Firocoxib on aqueous humor prostaglandin E 2 levels for controlling experimentally-induced breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier in healthy and Toxoplasma gondii -seropositive cats

“…In this regard, systemic NSAIDs may be indicated in cases of infectious uveitis or in patients with diabetes mellitus (COLITZ, 2005). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX) selective NSAIDs are able to improve signs of inflammation and pain, minimizing the occurrence of adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal irritation, glomerular injury, and inhibition of platelet aggregation, usually associated to the suppression of COX-1 enzyme (MONTEIRO-STEAGALL et al, 2013). In cats, firocoxib guarantees the inhibition of 80 to 90% of COX-2, and less than 20% of COX-1 (MCCANN et al, 2005).…”