Systematically Exploring the Chemical Ingredients and Absorbed Constituents of Polygonum capitatum in Hyperuricemia Rat Plasma Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS

Abstract

Polygonum capitatum as an ethnic medicine has been used to treat urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis and urinary calculi. In our previous study, P. capitatum was found to have anti-hyperuricemia effects. Nevertheless, the active constituents of P. capitatum for treating hyperuricemia were still unclear. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to comprehensively detect the chemical ingredients of P. capitatum and its absorbed constituents in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats for the first time. Xcalibur 3.0 and Compound Discoverer 2.0 software coupled to mzCloud and ChemSpider databases were utilized for qualitative analysis. A total of 114 chemical components including phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, amides and others were identified or tentatively characterized based on the exact mass, retention time and structural information. Compared to the previous P. capitatum study, an additional 66 different components were detected. Moreover, 68 related xenobiotics including 16 prototype components and 52 metabolites were found in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats. The metabolic pathways included ring fission, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. This work may provide important information for further investigation on the active constituents of P. capitatum and their action mechanisms for anti-hyperuricemia effects.

Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions: Altered systemic exposure and tissue distribution of ciprofloxacin, a substrate of multiple transporters, after combined treatment with Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don extracts

“…Even though, the pharmacokinetic HDIs between PCE and CIP were investigated on a bidirectional effect (PCE↔CIP) in this study. GA and PCA were identified as appropriate PK-marker components of P. capitatum because of 1) their extensive pharmacological activities consistent with P. capitatum ( Liao et al, 2011 ; Khan et al, 2015 ; Choubey et al, 2018 ; Song et al, 2020 ; Bai et al, 2021 ), 2) their rich in vitro ( Liao et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2013a ; Zhang et al, 2013b ; Li et al, 2021b ) and in vivo exposures ( Ma et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2021b ; Guan et al, 2022 ), and 3) their acceptable pharmacokinetic properties ( Ma et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2021b ) and targeted distribution in kidney tissue ( Ma et al, 2016 ). However, there is a risk that the two compounds were possibly not the most critical compounds responsible for PCE’s effect, and the use of any single compound of the two compounds in the study could not reflect the overall effect of PCE.…”

“…Specifically, they are the two most abundant phenolic acids in P. capitatum ( Liao et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2013a ; Zhang et al, 2013b ; Li et al, 2021b ), and their anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and analgesic activities associated with P. capitatum efficacy ( Liao et al, 2011 ; Khan et al, 2015 ; Choubey et al, 2018 ; Song et al, 2020 ; Bai et al, 2021 ). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of PCE systemic exposure showed that GA and PCA possess a relatively high exposure in rats ( Ma et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; Guan et al, 2022 ) and humans ( Li et al, 2021b ). After oral administration of PCE, GA and PCA underwent a rapid absorption ( Ma et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2021b ), a dose-dependent profile ( Ma et al, 2015 ), and a relatively targeted distribution in kidney tissue ( Ma et al, 2016 ).…”

Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Shell Extract Prepared by Subcritical Water Extraction: Bioaccessibility, Bioactivity, and Intestinal Permeability by In Vitro Assays

“…Another peak, at a retention time of 5.63 min, presented significant UV absorption at 254 nm and a significant MS spectrum with confirming fragments, enabling a presumptive identification as a pyrogallol ether with protocatechuic acid. The MS fragments, presented in Table 4, indicate that this compound can cause water loss and the further loss of other fragments due to the retro-Diels-Alder reaction on aromatic rings [53]. The fragment at 137 allows the identification of the protocatechuic acid moiety esterified with a pyrogallol-type compound.…”