Systematics of Chusquea section Chusquea, section Swallenochloa, section Verticillatae, and section Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Clark, Lynn G.

doi:10.31274/rtd-180817-5720

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Monophyly of Neurolepis is not supported, although a sister relationship between two members of the N. aristata complex is. The N. aristata complex includes all of the species with cauline leaves, although some members (e.g., N. nana) have the leaves in a basal cluster due to shortened internodes (Clark 1996), but no obvious potential morphological synapomorphies separate this complex from the remainder of Neurolepis. Additional sampling within the genus, especially of species similar in morphology to N. aperta, is required before any changes in classification or nomenclature can be considered.…”

Section: Major Clades Within Bambuseaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gross morphological characters were scored primarily from herbarium specimens at ISC and K, but for a few taxa, living material was also available, and in a few cases data were taken from the literature. Preparation of hand cross-sections and epidermal scrapes followed Zhang and Clark (2000); preparation of paraffin-embedded sections followed Clark (1986) and March (2000). Specimens for scanning electron microscopy were prepared as described in Dávila and Clark (1990).…”

Section: Structural Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bambuseae are characterized by the presence of well-developed rhizomes, strongly lignified culms, new shoots with culm leaves specialized for the protection and support of immature tissue, foliage leaves with both inner and outer ligules, complex vegetative branching, and usually cyclical, gregarious, and monocarpic flowering. The woody bamboos include over 1300 species and are widely distributed in both tropical and temperate zones, with centers of diversity in the Neotropics, Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and Eastern Asia (Clark 1997a;Judziewicz et al 1999;Judziewicz and Clark 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic Relationships Among the One-Flowered, Determinate Genera of Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Clark¹,

Dransfield²,

Triplett³

et al. 2007

aliso

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Bambuseae (woody bamboos), one of two tribes recognized within Bambusoideae (true bamboos), comprise over 90% of the diversity of the subfamily, yet monophyly of the tribe is generally only moderately supported, and phylogenetic relationships within the tribe are poorly understood. In addition, there appears to be some level of conflict between morphological and molecular data within the tribe. We conducted a parsimony analysis of 43 species of Bambuseae, three of Olyreae (herbaceous bamboos), and two outgroup taxa using morphological and plastid rpl16 intron sequence data to (1) further test the monophyly of Bambuseae, (2) test the monophyly of Chusqueinae and Hickelinae (the two one-flowered, determinate subtribes), and (3) examine the apparent conflict between molecular and morphological data sets in the determinate, one-flowered genera of Bambuseae. We recovered a monophyletic Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Olyreae, and Chusqueinae, although support for Bambuseae remained moderate. Our results suggest that the morphological similarities between Chusqueinae and Hickelinae are homoplasious, but robust resolution of relationships among the major lineages of woody bamboos is still wanting.

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Section: Major Clades Within Bambuseaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic Relationships Among the One-Flowered, Determinate Genera of Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Clark¹,

Dransfield²,

Triplett³

et al. 2007

aliso

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“…Protocols for desilicification and dehydration followed Clark (1986). Leaf pieces were then bulk stained for one hour in 1% safranin in 1:1 ethanol:xylene, and rinsed for one hour each in two changes of xylene before infiltration for two days each in 2:1 xylene:paraffin, 1:2 xylene:paraffin, and 100% paraffin at 60° C. Samples were sectioned 10 µm thick on a rotary microtome, mounted on glass slides and stained in safranin (40 min) and fast green (4 min) using standard procedures (Sass 1958, Berlyn & Mikshe 1976.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among American woody bamboos, these include Apoclada McClure and Filgueirasia Guala (Guala 1995(Guala , 2003) and a few species of Chusquea Kunth (Clark 1986). The temperate woody genus Phyllostachys Sieb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sun-shade variation in bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) leaves

March¹,

Clark²

2011

Telopea

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The differential occurrence of fusoid cells in sun compared to shade leaves of three species of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) was examined through leaf morphology and anatomy. Leaves grown in sun were consistently smaller and thicker and lacked fusoid cells, whereas leaves grown in shade were consistently larger, thinner, and had fusoid cells. These differences were also found between exterior and interior leaves within one individual of one of these three species. An infusion experiment using a fourth species indicated that light transmission increased dramatically as fusoid cells (or the spaces formed by their collapse) absorbed mineral oil. We propose that fusoid cells are a mechanism to trap and redistribute light more efficiently in shade leaves of bamboo and early-diverging grasses. This is the first report of leaf anatomical sunshade variation in bamboo leaves, but we emphasize the preliminary nature of our observations and the need for further study.

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Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress tolerance, bamboo presence, and facilitation

Christmann

Rosado

Delhaye

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Aims: Amidst the Campos de Altitude (Highland Grasslands) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, woody communities grow either clustered in tree islands or interspersed within the herbaceous matrix. The functional ecology, diversity, and biotic processes shaping these plant communities are largely unstudied. We characterized the functional assembly and diversity of these tropical montane woody communities and investigated how they fit within Grime's CSR (C-competitor, S-stress-tolerant, Rruderal) scheme, what functional trade-offs they exhibit, and how traits and functional diversity vary in response to bamboo presence/absence. Methods:To characterize the functional composition of the community, we sampled five leaf traits and wood density along transects covering the woody communities both inside tree islands and outside (i.e., isolated woody plants in the grasslands community). Then, we used Mann-Whitney test, t test, and variation partitioning to determine the effects of inside versus outside tree island and bamboo presence on community-weighted means, woody species diversity, and functional diversity. Results:We found a general SC/S strategy with drought-related functional tradeoffs. Woody plants in tree islands had more acquisitive traits than those within the grasslands. Trait variation was mostly taxonomically than spatially driven, and species composition varied between inside and outside tree islands. Leaf thickness, wood density, and foliar water uptake were unrelated to CSR strategies, suggesting independent trait dimensions and multiple drought-coping strategies within the predominant S strategy. Islands with bamboo presence showed lower Simpson diversity, lower functional dispersion, lower foliar water uptake, and greater leaf thickness than in tree islands without bamboo. Conclusions:The observed functional assembly hints toward large-scale environmental abiotic filtering shaping a stress-tolerant community strategy, and small-scale biotic interactions driving small-scale trait variation. We recommend | 10165 CHRISTMANN eT Al.

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Systematics of Chusquea section Chusquea, section Swallenochloa, section Verticillatae, and section Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Phylogenetic Relationships Among the One-Flowered, Determinate Genera of Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Phylogenetic Relationships Among the One-Flowered, Determinate Genera of Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Sun-shade variation in bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) leaves

Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress tolerance, bamboo presence, and facilitation

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