Systemic Effects of Topically Applied Trichothecenes I. Comparative Study of Various Trichothecenes in Mice

Schiefer, H. B.; Hancock, D. S.; Bhatti, A. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1986.tb00546.x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was also suggested that studies of interactions between trichothecenes be performed (Larsen et al 2004), which, in my opinion, would have little value. It is known that there are interactions between trichothecenes in model systems (Koshinshy and Khachatourians 1992) and in animals (Schiefer et al 1986;Bhavanishankar et al 1988), but their dimension is modest (<5Â) compared to the safety factors in the PMTI for DON.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in small grains and maize: Old problems, new challenges

Miller

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

204

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews the challenges relating to chronic contamination of small grains and maize with deoxynivalenol and related compounds, fumonisin and the use of ensiled cereals in cool dairy areas. Uncertainties in the tolerable daily intakes for deoxynivalenol and fumonisin are discussed as they have the potential to affect current regulatory limits. In addition, climate change is resulting in more extreme rainfall and drought events which favour formation of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin, respectively. The development and refinement of models for predicting mycotoxin accumulation from weather data will become an essential tool for managing these events. Such models are also important for providing timely food aid to developing countries, which experience increased occurrence of acute toxicities, especially in children. Chronic contamination of silage in some areas with some Penicillium toxins deserves more attention in terms of their economic effects and possible implications for the purity of milk.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in small grains and maize: Old problems, new challenges

Miller

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

204

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most studies on Stachybotrys chartarum or its specific mycotoxins used ingestion, injection, or dermal application of purified toxins (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Mouse exposures to S. chartarum spores given intranasally were examined for histologic changes in lung tissue (30,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Differences Influence Murine Pulmonary Responses toStachybotrys chartarum

Lichtenstein

Molina²,

Donaghey³

et al. 2006

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum is inhaled, its mycotoxins may cause lung injury and inflammation. The severity of human responses to S. chartarum in both occupational and home settings varies widely. To explore these differences, we intratracheally instilled C3H/HeJ, BALB/c, and C57BL/6J mice with S. chartarum spores suspended in saline. One day later, the mice were humanely killed, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and biochemical and cellular indicators of lung injury and inflammation were measured. BALB/c mice showed the highest myeloperoxidase activity, albumin and hemoglobin levels, and neutrophil numbers in their BAL among the three strains. BALB/c was the only strain to show significant increases in keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-1gamma, MIP-2, RANTES, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-6, IL-18, leukemia inhibitory factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and TNF-alpha. A model of allergen-induced airway inflammation was examined to assess whether underlying allergic inflammation might contribute to increased susceptibility to S. chartarum-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury. Surprisingly, in BALB/c mice, ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation produced a protective effect against some S. chartarum-induced pulmonary responses. This is the first report of mammalian strain differences affecting responses to S. chartarum. These responses differ from those reported for LPS and other fungi. Analogous underlying genetic differences may contribute to the wide range of sensitivity to Stachybotrys among humans.

show abstract

“…At the time of necropsy, gross changes were recorded and thymus, spleen, duodenum and skin were collected and fixed in 10 % formalin. Haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections were evaluated without knowledge of the treatment group, and quantitative descriptors were employed (for details, see SCHIEFER and HANCOCK, 1984).…”

Section: Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Effects of Topically Applied Trichothecenes

Schiefer

Hancock

Bhatti

1986

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Charles River male mice or rats received topical applications of T-2 toxin dissolved in DMSO or Azone, a new absorption enhancer, at doses ranging from 40.0 to 1.0 mg/kg BW. The systemic effects were found to be enhanced by Azone in mice in a dose-related, linear fashion. In contrast, rats appeared to be more susceptible when the toxin was applied together with DMSO, and the effective dose to cause mortality was found to be about 2.5 mg/kg BW.The results of this study suggest that topical application of trichothecenes can cause systemic disease and/or death, depending on the dose, and that solvents or carriers and/or absorption enhancers play an important, species-dependent, role. (STOUGHTON, 1982; SPRUANCE, 1984) have reported on a new agent, 1 -dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one ("Azone" [AZ]) which enhances percutaneous absorption. Although the precise mechanism of action of Azone is not known, it has been suggested that since only very low concentrations of Azone are necessary, it does not act as a carrier, but rather changes the permeability of the skin, thereby allowing other agents to penetrate. Recent publicationsThis paper describes the results of a comparative study, using the trichothecene mycotoxin, T-2 toxin, and various topical preparations in mice and rats. US.

show abstract

Systemic Effects of Topically Applied Trichothecenes I. Comparative Study of Various Trichothecenes in Mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Mycotoxins in small grains and maize: Old problems, new challenges

Mycotoxins in small grains and maize: Old problems, new challenges

Strain Differences Influence Murine Pulmonary Responses toStachybotrys chartarum

Systemic Effects of Topically Applied Trichothecenes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About