Systemic Oxidative Stress Associated with the Neurological Diseases of Aging

Abstract

Markers of oxidative stress were measured in blood samples of 338 subjects (965 observations): Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, diabetes (type II) superimposed to dementias, Parkinson's disease and controls. Patients showed increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (+21%; P < 0.05), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (+64%; P < 0.001) and decreased antioxidant capacity (-28%; P < 0.001); pairs of variables resulted linearly related across groups (P < 0.001). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase, involved in discrimination between diseases, resulted non-significant. When diabetes is superimposed with dementias, changes resulted less marked but significant. Also, superoxide dismutase resulted not linearly correlated with any other variable or age-related (pure Alzheimer's peaks at 70 years, P < 0.001). Systemic oxidative stress was significantly associated (P << 0.001) with all diseases indicating a disbalance in peripheral/adaptive responses to oxidative disorders through different free radical metabolic pathways. While other changes - methionine cycle, insulin correlation - are also associated with dementias, the responses presented here show a simple linear relation between prooxidants and antioxidant defenses.

Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage in Parkinson's Disease

“…Moreover, the present results show linearity between pairs of oxidative stress variables and the ordering of the neurological patients' diseases along the different regression lines pointing to the existence of an overall balance between oxidative insult, damage and protection (Table 2 and Figures 8 and 9) (Serra et al, 2009). The linear correlations described between the three variables also include a significant negative linear correlation between plasma TRAP and erythrocyte SOD (r = -0.980, p < 0.001, not shown), which is implied by the other two relationships.…”

“…These three increases are indicative of the occurrence of systemic oxidative stress. Present results demonstrate that the BOOH-CL, TBARS, TRAP and SOD variables for determining oxidative stress and antioxidant status would be a useful tool for the biochemical and clinical evaluation of patients during the progression of the disease and clinical treatment (Repetto, 2008;Serra et al, 2009). Chemiluminescence methods allow evaluating and quantifying the toxic oxygen species and antioxidant defenses in blood samples of the patients.…”

“…An intermediate mechanism might be hypothesized for the PD patients (Serra et al, 2001). Table 2 presents the values of the oxidant and antioxidant variables in the three neurological diseases and healthy controls studied obtained in a different protocol (Serra et al, 2009 As free radical stress results from an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant system, it may be possible to measure the antioxidant levels separately or as a total global antioxidant capacity of a biological tissue. The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated in living systems and oxidize a number of cellular constituents like lipids, proteins and DNA.…”

Lipid Peroxidation: Chemical Mechanism, Biological Implications and Analytical Determination

“…The increase of tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence is indicative that -tocopherol is the antioxidant consumed in erythrocytes and suggest that reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation catalyzed by reduced transition metals may be responsible for the onset of oxidative damage and the occurrence of systemic oxidative stress in patients suffering oxidative damage associated to neurological pathologies as Parkinson (Famulari et al, 1996, Dominguez et al, 2008, Alzheimer disease (Famulari et al, 1996;Repetto et al, 1999;Dominguez et al, 2008;Serra et al, 2009), and vascular dementia (Famulari et al, 1996, Dominguez et al, 2008Serra et al, 2009); immunological diseases as HIV infection and AIDS , hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (Abalovich et al, 2003). These methods were used to evaluate lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage in experimental models of oxidative stress in rats Ossani et al, 2007;Repetto  Ossani, 2008;.…”

The neurotoxicity of iron, copper and cobalt in Parkinson’s disease through ROS-mediated mechanisms

“…The intensive production of ROS are widely seen in PD (Nikam et al 2009;Reddy and Reddy 2011;Chakrabarti et al 2011;Jomova et al 2010), as indicated by an increase in the contents of lipid peroxidation in blood samples of patients with PD (Serra et al 2009). Copper ions are very likely involved in this process (Greenough et al 2013).…”