Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Updates and Outlook

Fan, Yinjie; Xue, Hang; Zheng, Haixue

doi:10.2147/jhc.s358082

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 302 publications

(360 reference statements)

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“…Subgroup analyses showed that treatment with Sorafenib led to a better survival benefit in HCV patients compared to HBV ones [ 52 , 53 ]. Moreover, TTP was also significantly longer for HCV patients than for HBV ones (6.5 vs. 4.0 months, respectively, p = 0.05) [ 54 ]. In support of these data, a meta-analysis of Phase III trial results confirmed a survival benefit for patients with HCV etiology, compared to HBV [ 55 ].…”

Section: Targeted Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities

Laface¹,

Fedele²,

Maselli³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In the advanced stages, systemic treatments allow doctors to obtain clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases have been developed and clinically evaluated. Sorafenib was the first oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of advanced HCC in 2007. Subsequently, other TKIs, including Cabozantinib, Regorafenib, Lenvatinib, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors such as Ramucirumab and VEGF inhibitors such as Bevacizumab have been approved as first- or second-line treatments. More recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors (Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab) have been analyzed and approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. On the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future.

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Section: Targeted Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities

Laface¹,

Fedele²,

Maselli³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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show abstract

“…A recent report suggested that neutrophils hamper the efficacy of ICIs, especially in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-induced HCC ( 69 ). The neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) may serve as indicators of systemic inflammation, and the ratio is increased in individuals with HCC, owing to relative increases and decreases in neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively ( 70 ). The association between an elevated NLR and adverse clinical outcomes in individuals with HCC has been demonstrated consistently for several treatment options for HCC, e.g.…”

Section: Blood-based Biomarkers For Immune-based Treatment In Advance...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-based biomarkers for immune-based therapy in advanced HCC: Promising but a long way to go

et al. 2022

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The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a key shift in the management strategy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a paucity of predictive biomarkers that facilitate the identification of patients that would respond to ICI therapy. Although several researchers have attempted to resolve the issue, the data is insufficient to alter daily clinical practice. The use of minimally invasive procedures to obtain patient-derived specimen, such as using blood-based samples, is increasingly preferred. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be isolated from the blood of cancer patients, and liquid biopsies can provide sufficient material to enable ongoing monitoring of HCC. This is particularly significant for patients for whom surgery is not indicated, including those with advanced HCC. In this review, we summarize the current state of understanding of blood-based biomarkers for ICI-based therapy in advanced HCC, which is promising despite there is still a long way to go.

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“…Over several decades, novel drugs have developed to regulate specific steps of the mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis and its progression. Systemic therapeutic options that have been developed for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma include molecular-targeted agents (multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy [100].…”

Section: Treatments For Liver Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Fibrosis, Liver Cancer, and Advances in Therapeutic Approaches

Rajapaksha

2022

Livers

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Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) that lead to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have become a major cause of illness and death worldwide. The main causative factors for CLDs are chronic viral infections, excessive alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cholestatic diseases. The primary approach to managing cirrhosis should be removing the causative agent, and the secondary approach should address fibrogenesis. Liver cancer is also a leading cause of death worldwide, and many therapeutic approaches exist to treat the disease. However, liver transplantation remains the last treatment option for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Thus, this review discusses the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis, its progression to cirrhosis and HCC, and current therapeutic options available to treat the diseases with potential therapeutic options that will be available in the near future.

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Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Updates and Outlook

Cited by 42 publications

References 302 publications

Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities

Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities

Blood-based biomarkers for immune-based therapy in advanced HCC: Promising but a long way to go

Liver Fibrosis, Liver Cancer, and Advances in Therapeutic Approaches

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