T-2 mycotoxin induced apoptosis in broiler’s liver tissue

Abstract

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. As T-2 toxin is known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells, the aim of the present experiment was to study the toxic effect of T-2 on chicken liver tissue using apoptosis-related antibodies p21 and p53 which are involved in the p53/p21-mediated apoptotic signalling pathway.The experiment was conducted on fourteen 40-day-old broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) who were divided into control and T-2 toxin groups. For the T-2 toxin group, T-2 toxin (Sigma, Germany) was dissolved in water and given per os for three consecutive days. The material of the liver was taken 24 hours after the last application. The specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and embedded into paraffin; slices 5 μm in thickness were cut followed by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal primary antibodies p21 and p53 (Abcam, UK) according to the manufacturer's guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK).Strong expression of p21 and p53 found in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes and around blood vessels together with large tissue destructions in T-2 toxin group birds' liver indicates apoptosis and histopathological changes in liver tissue during T-2 mycotoxicosis.

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“…Therefore, we confirmed that mycotoxins demonstrate an inhibitory effect on the growth of hepatocytes cells, thereby causing damage and promoting apoptosis in hepatocytes cells. The molecular mechanisms that are involved were explored, and the OTA and AFB1 had synergistic cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis in the liver cells [ 16 , 17 ]. Wang et al [ 17 ] reported that the OTA could increase cell apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes (PHHs) and Kupffer cells (HKCs), and it could possibly activate the JNK signal pathway mechanism and affect the expression of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 in cell death.…”

“…fungus is known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. Trichothecene mycotoxin causes acute and chronic toxicity and induces apoptosis in the immune system and liver tissues, especially AFB1 and OTA [ 8 , 16 ]. In addition, OTA exhibits a cytotoxic effect on the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and intestinal epithelium, which alters the intestinal barrier and increases the animal’s susceptibility to various related diseases that cause to a reduced rate of nutrient absorption [ 17 ].…”