T- and B-cell response analysis following calf immunisation with experimental Mycoplasma bovis vaccine containing saponin and lysozyme dimer

Abstract

IntroductionMycoplasma bovis is a well-known cause of various disorders in cattle, such as pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis kerato-conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media, meningitis, and reproductive disorders. There are no commercial vaccines against M. bovis in Europe, therefore, experimental ones are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of experimental M. bovis vaccine, containing the Polish field M. bovis strain as well as saponin and lysozyme dimer adjuvants, on the T- and B-cell response in calves.Material and MethodsThe study was carried out on 12 calves divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. The experimental group was subcutaneously injected with the vaccine composed of the field M. bovis strain as well as saponin and lysozyme dimer as adjuvants, whereas the control one received phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The blood samples were collected prior to the study (day 0), then in 24 h intervals up to day 7 and then each 7 days until day 84 post immunisation. The T- and B-cell response as CD2+ (T-cells), CD4+ (T-helper cells), CD8+ (T-cytotoxic cells), and WC4+ (B-cells) markers was analysed using flow cytometry.ResultsIn response to the immunisation, the general stimulation of T-cell was observed, the most seen in an increase in CD8+ subpopulation. Similarly, a visible rise in the percentage of WC4+ cells was registered in the vaccinated calves when compared to the control animals.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the novel experimental M. bovis vaccine containing saponin and lysozyme dimer effectively stimulated the cell-mediated immunity in the calves.

The relationships between LncRNA NNT-AS1, CRP, PCT and their interactions and the refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

“…The fever time, length of hospital stay and the incidence of abnormal pulmonary signs in children with RMPP were all significantly longer or higher than those in children with NRMPP. Meanwhile, we also found the IgA and IgG levels in children with RMPP both higher than those in NRMPP children, which may be associated with the anti-infection mechanism of the immune system: immune cells and the complement system are activated under the stimulus of mycoplasma pneumoniae, therefore inducing IgA and IgG to prevent the invasive injury, neutralize endotoxin and alleviate the pathological damage 21 , 22 ; in RMPP patients, due to the prolonged illness, the adaptive immunity is activated and the immune globulin secreted by the B cells is increased.…”

Saponin-based Mycoplasma bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant stimulates acute phase response in calves

“…were observed following calf vaccination. The M. bovis -specific antibodies, bovine total Ig and IgG, IgA, and IgM classes as well as peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotyping were determined in the vaccinated calves, and the results were shown in our previous studies (11, 12).…”

“…It was previously demonstrated that our experimental M. bovis vaccine containing saponin and lysozyme dimer as adjuvants visibly stimulated cell-mediated immunity in the calves. It was expressed by enhanced T- and B-cell response (12). Moreover, humoral immune response was also activated following the vaccination, most evidently seen in considerably increased specific antibodies to M. bovis and bovine IgG concentration (11).…”

“…The vaccine containing the field M. bovis strain (BankIt 1801634 MBovis KP795974) and the two adjuvants saponin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and lysozyme dimer (Lydium-KLP™, Nika Health Products, Poland) was prepared according to the method described previously by Dudek et al . (12) and administered subcutaneously to the S + L group in total volume of 8 mL and a final concentration of 6.25 × 10 7 CFU/mL. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was taken as the placebo and given to the controls by the same route as vaccine.…”

Characterizing the noncovalent binding behavior of tartrazine to lysozyme: A combined spectroscopic and computational analysis

“…Due to the potential toxicity of azo dyes, Food and Agricultural Organizations and the World Health Organization have strict regulations on the use of such synthetic azo dyes as food colorants. Some studies have indicated that the abnormal lysozyme levels are related to a variety of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, diarrheal disease, conjunctivitis, and nephropathy . Nevertheless, there is a very limited study about the toxicity of tartrazine targeting the lysozyme.…”