T Cell Genesis: In Vitro Veritas Est ?

Abstract

T cells, as orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, serve important physiological and potentially therapeutic roles, for example in cancer immunotherapy. T cells are readily isolated from patients; however, the yield of antigen-specific T cells is limited, thus making their clinical use challenging. Therefore, the generation of T lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro provides an attractive method for large-scale production and genetic manipulation of T cells. In this review, we discuss recent strategies for the generation of T cells from human HSPCs and PSCs in vitro. Continued advancement in the generation of human T cells in vitro will expand their benefits and therapeutic potential in the clinic.

Melatonin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Key for Functional Integrity for Liver Cancer Treatment

“…Moreover, adoptive immunotherapy which relies on transfer of naturally occurring or genetically engineered T cells represents another novel shape of cancer therapy [89,90]. This previously mentioned technique could be carried out using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that may provide unlimited source of highly reactive antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, which in turn target, infiltrate and eradicate tumors upon their transfer into the patient [91]. Interestingly, bone marrow-derived MSCs transduced with a lentiviral vector stTRAIL have shown promising results in to treatment of heat-shocked residual cancer cells that target tumor growth inhibition [92].…”

Toward the development of true “off‐the‐shelf” synthetic T‐cell immunotherapy

“…Generation of T cells from PSCs requires comprehensive understanding of developmental biology and immunology to recapitulate the key events that occur during T cell commitment . The key events are illustrated in Figure .…”

“…standing of developmental biology and immunology to recapitulate the key events that occur during T cell commitment. 33 The key events are illustrated in Figure 4. The initial event is the induction of mesoderm, which is followed by hemogenic endothelial cell derivation.…”

Constructing and Deconstructing Cancers using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids

“…A variety of relevant cell types, including hematopoietic cells (Sugimura et al, 2017), lymphocytes (Brauer et al, 2016), microglia (Abud et al, 2017; Douvaras et al, 2017; Muffat et al, 2016; Pandya et al, 2017), central and peripheral neurons and glia (Tao and Zhang, 2016; Tchieu et al, 2017), and endothelial cells (Wilson et al, 2014) are now available from hPSCs and might be used to model tumor microenvironments. Such an approach is compelling and could facilitate further dissection of the role that individual microenvironmental components play in oncogenesis.…”