T cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (Alpha and Delta) in infected and vaccinated individuals

Jordan, Stanley C.; Shin, Beomju; Gadsden, Terry‐Ann M; Chu, Maggie; Petrosyan, Anna; Lē, Chinh T.; Zabner, Rachel; Oft, Jillian; Pedraza, I.; Cheng, Susan; Vo, Ashley; Ammerman, Noriko; Plummer, Jasmine T; Ge, Shili; Froch, Max; Berg, Anders H.; Toyoda, Mieko; Zhang, Ruan

doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00767-9

Cited by 80 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Our findings, together with prior reports on the effectiveness of the cellular immune response against the variants [35,[40][41][42][43], warrant a revision of COVID-19 vaccine policy implementation in subjects with prior natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Limited Impact of Delta Variant’s Mutations on the Effectiveness of Neutralization Conferred by Natural Infection or COVID-19 Vaccines in a Latino Population

Sariol

Serrano-Collazo

Ortiz

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted public health systems all over the world. The Delta variant seems to possess enhanced transmissibility, but no clear evidence suggests it has increased virulence. Our data show that pre-exposed individuals had similar neutralizing activity against the authentic COVID-19 strain and the Delta and Epsilon variants. After only one vaccine dose, the neutralization capacity expanded to all tested variants in pre-exposed individuals. Healthy vaccinated individuals showed a limited breadth of neutralization. One vaccine dose did induce similar neutralizing antibodies against the Delta as against the authentic strain. However, even after two doses, this capacity only expanded to the Epsilon variant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Limited Impact of Delta Variant’s Mutations on the Effectiveness of Neutralization Conferred by Natural Infection or COVID-19 Vaccines in a Latino Population

Sariol

Serrano-Collazo

Ortiz

et al. 2021

Viruses

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show abstract

“… 14 , 15 Moreover, the Delta (B.1.617 lineage) variant demonstrated three- to fivefold lower neutralising antibody titres after two BNT162b2 or ChAdOx-1 vaccinations, 16 whereas T cell responses were robust and cross-reactive against the VOC after natural infection or two BNT162b2 vaccinations. 17 Therefore, the assessment of T cell responses might be equally important as the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses to evaluate one's immune status after natural infection or COVID-19 vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination: A prospective cohort study

Mak

Koeleman

Vliet

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection

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Objectives : First, to describe SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers that suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 approximately one year ago. Second, to assess COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune responses in these prior-infected individuals. Methods : SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in blood were determined before COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2-S or ChAdOx1-S, two weeks after first vaccination, and after second vaccination. Results : 55 prior SARS-CoV-2 infected and seroconverted individuals were included. S1-specific T cell responses and anti-RBD IgG were detectable one year post SARS-CoV-2 infection: 24 spot-forming cells per 10 6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (SFCs/10 6 PBMCs) after S1 stimulation and anti-RBD IgG concentration of 74 (IQR 36-158) IU/mL. Responses after the first and second vaccination were comparable with S1-specfic T cell responses of 198 (IQR 137-359) and 180 (IQR 103-347) SFCs/10 6 PBMCs, and IgG concentrations of 6792 (IQR 3386-15180) and 6326 (IQR 2336-13440) IU/mL, respectively. These responses retained up to four months after vaccination. Conclusions : Both T cell and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 persist for up to one year after COVID-19. A second COVID-19 vaccination in prior-infected individuals did not further increase immune responses in comparison to one vaccination.

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“…The maintenance of long-term immune protection against VOCs might similarly be achieved by driving increased T cell immunity. It has been established that the peptide epitopes recognized by antiviral CD4 and CD8 T cells are relatively conserved in the viral spike, allowing T cell responses to be better maintained in the face of mutations present in VOC compared with antibody responses [73]. Nanoparticle vaccines that can elicit strong T cell memory responses might therefore provide a pathway to durable protection against current and future VOCs.…”

Section: Using Nanotechnology To Combat Viral Variants and Ongoing Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future nanoparticle vaccines for COVID-19

Kelly

Kent

et al. 2021

eBioMedicine

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T cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (Alpha and Delta) in infected and vaccinated individuals

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Limited Impact of Delta Variant’s Mutations on the Effectiveness of Neutralization Conferred by Natural Infection or COVID-19 Vaccines in a Latino Population

Limited Impact of Delta Variant’s Mutations on the Effectiveness of Neutralization Conferred by Natural Infection or COVID-19 Vaccines in a Latino Population

SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses one year after COVID-19 and the booster effect of vaccination: A prospective cohort study

Current and future nanoparticle vaccines for COVID-19

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