T-suppresor cell defects in euthyroid nonendemic goitre

Abstract

Recently it has been suggested that a substantial number of nonendemic goitre cases can be considered as organ-specific autoimmune disorders of the thyroid. Circulating immunoglobulins, probably receptor autoantibodies, stimulating guinea pig thyroid growth in vitro (TGI) can be found in 2/3 of such patients. Defects in the regulatory balance between T-helper (Th) and T-suppressor (Ts) cells have been described in other thyroid autoimmune diseases, such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto goitre. Such defects are thought to play a role in the loss of control over thyroid autoantibody producing B cells. To investigate whether Ts cell defects can also be found in nonendemic euthyroid goitre, we studied their number and function in 15 of such patients. All patients were clinically euthyroid. Eleven were positive for TGI. Circulating T cells, Th cells and Ts/cytotoxic cells were enumerated using monoclonal antibody techniques (OKT3, Leu3a and OKT8, respectively). Suppressor cell function was assessed employing a proliferation assay in which a short-lived population of such cells was removed by a 24 h preculture. A significant difference was found between patients and controls regarding the Leu3a+/OKT8+ cell ratio: 2.74 (SD 0.94) in patients vs 1.75 (SD 0.38) in controls (P < 0.01); the disturbed ratio was mainly due to a decrease in the percentage of OKT8 + cells. The functional Ts cell assay also showed a defect of patient lymphocytes: patient removal index (SRI) was 1.5 (SD 1.0) vs an index of 2.6 (SD 1.2) for healthy controls (P <0.05). A fair correlation between the numerical and functional data on Ts cells was observed. The present data lend additional support to the concept that nonendemic euthyroid goitre can be viewed as yet another organ-specific autoimmune disorder of the thyroid.