T07-O-04 Sildenafil for erectile dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients

On the origin of the sweet‐smelling Parma violet cultivars (Violaceae): wide intraspecific hybridization, sterility, and sexual reproduction

“…However, in a recent publication, we found the chromosome number 2n ¼ 20 in Viola 'Parme de Toulouse' (Chauchard et al, 2003). If this count is correct, and excluding a polyploid series, then this rules out inclusion of the Parma violets in V. suavis, which invariably has 2n ¼ 40, and may indicate an origin in one of the widespread V. alba (including V. dehnhardtii) as proposed by some authors (e.g., Tenore, 1811;Meikle, 1963;Coombs, 1981;Marzotto-Caotorta and Lombardi, 1997;Tucker, 2000) or V. odorata as proposed by others (e.g., Foissy, 1884;Valatx, 1954;Chaudun and Guillaumin, 1964; Société Nationale d'Horticulture de France et al, 1997;Morard et al, 2000), which both have 2n ¼ 20. Alternatively, a hybrid origin could also be proposed, as hybrids within subsection Viola are common and often slightly fertile (Marcussen and Borgen, 2000).…”