Tadpole Configuration for Three Wheeled Vehicles

Kumar, N Nitesh; Katiyar, Gracy

doi:10.4271/2020-28-0359

SAE Technical Paper Series 2020

DOI: 10.4271/2020-28-0359

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Tadpole Configuration for Three Wheeled Vehicles

N Nitesh Kumar

Gracy Katiyar

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Cited by 2 publications

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Improvement of Steerability and Driving Safety of an Electric Three-Wheeled Vehicle by a Design Modification of its Steering Mechanism

Dižo

Blatnický

Melnik

et al. 2022

LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics

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Three-wheeled vehicles are transport means which generally combine properties of two-wheeled vehicles (principal motorcycles) and four-wheeled vehicles (standards cars). Three-wheeled vehicles have been designed and manufactured as units which are made up of one front wheel and two rear wheels, powered by an electric drive-train, and referred to in some countries under a non-English term as E-3kolka. These vehicles also comprise a special steering mechanism which improves their overturning stability when driving around curves. However, several tests have revealed certain deficiencies of the steering mechanism, where the main issue included unreliable self-restraining effect of steering wheel straightening after driving around a curve. This may even lead to unacceptable properties of the vehicle. Therefore, the authors of this paper suggest particular technical solutions to eliminate or completely avoid the described negative effects during driving. Proposed designs are mutually compared and a final decision is presented.

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Improvement of Steerability and Driving Safety of an Electric Three-Wheeled Vehicle by a Design Modification of its Steering Mechanism

Dižo

Blatnický

Melnik

et al. 2022

LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics

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show abstract

On the Tripped Rollovers and Lateral Skid in Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Their Mitigation

Licea

2021

Vehicles

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Active safety systems for three-wheeled vehicles seem to be in premature development; in particular, delta types, also known as tuk-tuks or sidecars, are sold with minimal protection against accidents. Unfortunately, the risk of wheel lifting and lateral and/or longitudinal vehicle roll is high. For instance, a tripped rollover occurs when a vehicle slides sideways, digging its tires into soft soil or striking an object. Unfortunately, research is mostly aimed at un-tripped rollovers while most of the rollovers are tripped. In this paper, models for lateral skid tripped and un-tripped rollover risks are presented. Later, independent braking and accelerating control actions are used to develop a dynamic stability control (DSC) to assist the driver in mitigating such risks, including holes/bumps road-scenarios. A common Lyapunov function and an LMI problem resolution ensure robust stability while optimization allows tuning the controller. Numerical and HIL tests are presented. Implementation on a three-wheeled vehicle requires an inertial measurement unit, and independent ABS and propulsion control as main components.

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Tadpole Configuration for Three Wheeled Vehicles

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Improvement of Steerability and Driving Safety of an Electric Three-Wheeled Vehicle by a Design Modification of its Steering Mechanism

Improvement of Steerability and Driving Safety of an Electric Three-Wheeled Vehicle by a Design Modification of its Steering Mechanism

On the Tripped Rollovers and Lateral Skid in Three-Wheeled Vehicles and Their Mitigation

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