Tailored mesoporosity and acidity of shape-selective fibrous silica beta zeolite for enhanced toluene co-reaction with methanol

Ghani, N.N.M.; Jalil, Aishah Abdul; Triwahyono, Sugeng; Aziz, Mustafa Kamal Abdul; Rahman, A.F.A.; Hamid, M.Y.S.; Izan, S.M.; Nawawi, Mohd

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.009

Cited by 60 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Figure B,C shows the core shell morphology of fibrous ZSM‐5 . The TEM micrograph (Figure D) reveals the presence of dendrimers covering the core of FZSM‐5 support . Literatures reported that core shell morphology was responsible for enhanced catalytic activity due to the confinement of active metal species in the support framework.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fibrous spherical Ni‐M/ZSM‐5 (M: Mg, Ca, Ta, Ga) catalysts for methane dry reforming: The interplay between surface acidity‐basicity and coking resistance

et al. 2020

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A highly active and robust fibrous spherical ZSM-5-supported nickel catalyst with different promoters (Mg, Ca, Ta, Ga) have been synthesised by microemulsion method for dry reforming of methane (DRM). The structural framework provided by the unique fibrous spherical ZSM-5 aided confinement of Ni particles. Catalytic activity was improved by homogenous distribution of surface acid-basic sites, thereby reducing the propensity of coke deposition.Bimetallic Ni-Ta catalyst produced the highest CH 4 and CO 2 conversions at 93% and 98%, respectively, with H 2 /CO ratio closer to unity (0.97). The nature of acid sites and bimetallic Ni-Ta synergism amplified interaction of catalyst components, resulting in improved interaction with the reactants, thus impeding metal sintering and coke deposition. Consequently, the Ni-Ta/FZSM-5 catalyst shows long-term activity (80 hours) for the DRM reaction at 800 C. K E Y W O R D Sdry reforming, methane, Ni/ZSM-5, nickel, tantalum

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fibrous spherical Ni‐M/ZSM‐5 (M: Mg, Ca, Ta, Ga) catalysts for methane dry reforming: The interplay between surface acidity‐basicity and coking resistance

et al. 2020

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“… 10 , 11 Fortunately, shape-selective zeolite catalysts provide considerable PX selectivity by improving mass transfer and covering the external acid sites. 12 − 14 Janardhan et al. 15 found that PX selectivity increased from 30.7 to 97.0% when the pore volume decreased from 0.30 to 0.24 cm 3 /g for P-modified zeolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the advantage and competitiveness of toluene methylation, methanol has to be inexpensive and the PX selectivity in xylene isomers should be above 90.0%. , Fortunately, shape-selective zeolite catalysts provide considerable PX selectivity by improving mass transfer and covering the external acid sites. − Janardhan et al . found that PX selectivity increased from 30.7 to 97.0% when the pore volume decreased from 0.30 to 0.24 cm 3 /g for P-modified zeolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Short Process for p-Xylene Production Based on the Selectivity Intensification of Toluene Methylation with Methanol

et al. 2021

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Toluene methylation using methanol offers a high potential molecular engineering process to produce p -xylene (PX) based on shape-selective catalysts. To further improve the process economics, a novel short process was proposed by reducing the high-energy consumption separation of xylene isomers in existing processes since the PX selectivity of the xylene isomers can be enhanced more than the industrial product quality of 99.7%. The PX selectivity intensification was achieved as a result of decreased contact time by considering factors such as the feed ratio, diluents, temperature, and pressure in a toluene methylation reactor. This proposed short process indicated that the reactor effluent could be purified only through the two conventional distillation towers by removing the methanol recovery and separation of xylene isomers. The raw material utilization, energy consumption, and economic data were also analyzed for the six contrastive cases. The short process using catalyst Si–Mg–P–La/ZSM-5 exhibited the highest effective utilization rates of 96.27 and 95.50% for toluene and methanol, respectively. The short process also showed a good economic value in terms of capital investment and operating costs due to the multistage reactor without benzene byproducts. Thus, the obtained total annual cost (TAC) value of 13 848.1 k$·year –1 was 68.9 and 87.9% of the two existing processes.

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“…For the toluene conversion to be attractive, the cost of methanol must be low . Indeed, methanol has become an abundant and cheap raw material …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Simulated Moving Bed Unit within an Existing and Revamped Aromatics Complex with Crystallization and Toluene Methylation Units

Gonçalves

Faria

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The aromatics complex is a petrochemical facility where the main products are benzene and p-xylene. The xylene isomer is produced through an energy-intensive cycle loop in which the p-xylene separation unit plays a significant role. Many works have focused on improving the efficiency of the separation unit; however, optimizations aiming to reduce the energy consumption of the whole complex are very scarce. On the basis of the aforementioned, an existing aromatics complex was studied and the p-xylene separation unit, that is the simulated moving bed (SMB) unit, was optimized in the framework of several modifications to the complex. The changes consisted of the addition of a crystallization unit, operating at two different temperatures, and a toluene methylation unit. The objective function included the revenue from the final products and the major operating costs from the units of the complex. Because of the complexity of the optimization problem, simplified models were used but validated against reported data. For almost all the cases studied, the optimum SMB consisted of more columns in zones I and IV and switching times of 180 s; when the feed of the SMB increased around 40%, the optimum switching time was 112 s. The crystallization unit alone did not improve the efficiency of the complex; however, p-xylene production doubled with the addition of the toluene methylation unit, which constituted the best proposal among the cases studied. Optimum toluene conversion and p-xylene selectivity were about 20 and 95%, respectively. The results also showed that it is more profitable to operate the crystallization unit at higher temperatures and send the mother liquor, with a p-xylene fraction above the thermodynamic equilibrium, back to the SMB.

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Tailored mesoporosity and acidity of shape-selective fibrous silica beta zeolite for enhanced toluene co-reaction with methanol

Cited by 60 publications

References 62 publications

Fibrous spherical Ni‐M/ZSM‐5 (M: Mg, Ca, Ta, Ga) catalysts for methane dry reforming: The interplay between surface acidity‐basicity and coking resistance

Fibrous spherical Ni‐M/ZSM‐5 (M: Mg, Ca, Ta, Ga) catalysts for methane dry reforming: The interplay between surface acidity‐basicity and coking resistance

Novel Short Process for p-Xylene Production Based on the Selectivity Intensification of Toluene Methylation with Methanol

Optimization of a Simulated Moving Bed Unit within an Existing and Revamped Aromatics Complex with Crystallization and Toluene Methylation Units

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