Tailored Poly(2‐oxazoline) Polymer Brushes to Control Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion

Abstract

POx bottle-brush brushes (BBBs) are synthesized by SIPGP of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline and consecutive LCROP of 2-oxazolines on 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified silicon substrates. The side chain hydrophilicity and polarity are varied. The impact of the chemical composition and architecture of the BBB upon protein (fibronectin) adsorption and endothelial cell adhesion are investigated and prove extremely low protein adsorption and cell adhesion on BBBs with hydrophilic side chains such as poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). The influence of the POx side chain terminal function upon adsorption and adhesion is minor but the side chain length has a significant effect on bioadsorption.

Co-Delivery of Imiquimod and Plasmid DNA via an Amphiphilic pH-Responsive Star Polymer that Forms Unimolecular Micelles in Water

“…The innermost PLA block formed the hydrophobic core of the unimolecular micelle, in which the poorly-soluble IMQ could be encapsulated. The outermost block of PEtOxMA brushes formed the hydrophilic shell for stabilization, and could avoid unspecific interactions with the protein [39][40][41]. The middle block of pH-responsive PDMAEMA contains tertiary amines that become more protonated and cationic at mildly acidic pH, was expected to facilitate release of IMQ inside the endolysosome of dendritic cells where TLR7, the molecular target of IMQ, is located.…”

Design Strategies for Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s and Derived Materials

“…Pompe, Jordan and co-workers successfully applied the synthetic routine to 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-modified substrates, onto which Ox exclusively, yielding polymer chains covalently attached to modified silicon substrates (Scheme 8) [98]. Subsequently, after initiation by methyl triflate, the CROP of different 2-oxazolines was performed.…”

“…Ox and subsequent graft polymerization of 2-oxazolines from the pending oxazoline moieties (top; for details, see reference [92]). Grafting of poly(2-oxazoline)s from dedicatedly equipped silicon surfaces (for details, see reference [98]). …”

In-vitro cytotoxic activities of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-based amphiphilic block copolymers prepared by CuAAC click chemistry

“…Recently, poly(2-oxazoline)s have drawn attention with the finding of the potential biological and chemical favorability due to their some advantageous structural properties such as pH and temperature sensitive, ionic strength, chemical and biological stimuli [30][31][32][33][34]. These polymers can be obtained via living cationic ring opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-alkyl-oxazolines and functionalized by using either functional initiator or nucleophilic terminating agents [35][36][37][38][39]. Among them, poly(2-oxazoline)s with short side chains (ethyl, nand iso-propyl), except for 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, permit easy access to amphiphilic and well-defined block copolymers owing to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in aqueous solutions and thermoresponsive properties [35][36][37][38][39].…”

“…These polymers can be obtained via living cationic ring opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-alkyl-oxazolines and functionalized by using either functional initiator or nucleophilic terminating agents [35][36][37][38][39]. Among them, poly(2-oxazoline)s with short side chains (ethyl, nand iso-propyl), except for 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, permit easy access to amphiphilic and well-defined block copolymers owing to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in aqueous solutions and thermoresponsive properties [35][36][37][38][39]. To date, poly(2-oxazoline)s are obtained utilizing various initiators including halides such as benzyl bromide, alkyl esters such as methyl tosylate, methyl triflate and Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride (BF 3 -OEt 2 ) [40][41][42].…”