Talaromyces variabilis interferes with Pythium aphanidermatum growth and suppresses Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes

Halo, Boshra A.; Al-Yahyai, Rashid; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Al-Sadi, Abdullah M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47736-x

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, there are several reports on biological control agents of P. aphanidermatum in tomato specifically include Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp. [20,30], Aspergillus terreus [31], Klebsiella oxytoca, Exiguobacterium indicum and Bacillus cereus [32], Talaromyces variabilis [33], and Streptomyces spp. isolate KUMB1.1 [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Pythium aphanidermatum, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two Streptomyces Root Symbionts

et al. 2021

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Damping-off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, as one of the most infamous plant diseases, is considered as a significant disease that causes severe damages in greenhouse and field crops in a vast range of hosts especially vegetables. The application of chemical fungicides as a common method to control this disease poses negative side effects on humans and the environmental components. Actinobacteria, especially members of the genus Streptomyces, are fascinating biocontrol agents and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which exhibit safer alternative managements to control this disease. The present study aims to explore for bioactives soil Streptomyces isolates that are able to control P. aphanidermatum, which is the causal agent of damping-off in tomato. Out of a total of 116 actinobacteria isolates collected from the soil, 53 have showed an antagonistic activity against P. aphanidermatum, as deduced through in vitro dual cultures. Based on in vitro Petri plate seedling-bioassays (IPSB), from the 53 tested isolates in dual cultures, two isolates coded as H2 and H3, considered as the most bioactive agents, were selected to assess their biocontrol performances against P. aphanidermatum in the Sandwich bed-mix technique in greenhouse experiments. In vivo greenhouse statistical studies were performed to compare seven treatments using completely randomized design experiments. Metalaxyl fungicide was applied as the chemical-control treatment. To evaluate biocontrol efficiencies of the two Streptomyces symbionts, disease incidence recorded throughout the course of experiment and criteria of number of leaves, length of the plants, plant fresh and dry weights, were measured at the end of experiment and analyzed statistically. The resulted disease incidences for all treatments indicated that the two Streptomyces strains had PGPR activity, and they were effective in decreasing disease incidence and improving plant performances regarding number of leaves, height, and plant fresh and dry weights. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, the strain H2 revealed a close relation to six Streptomyces species, namely S. badius, S. caviscabies, S. globisporus, S. parvus, S. sindenensis, and S. griseoplanus, with 99.9% similarity. The strain H3 also indicated a close relation of the same similarity to two species, namely S. flavogriseus and S. pratensis. In overall, collected data dictated that the two bioactive root symbiont Streptomyces strains effectively controlled the damping-off disease caused by P. aphanidermatum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Pythium aphanidermatum, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two Streptomyces Root Symbionts

et al. 2021

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“…For example, Phytophthora cinnamomi has a very broad host range, with approximately 5000 susceptible species identified 2 . Pythium aphanidermatum also has a wide host range, causing damping off, especially in vegetable crops 3 . Other species have more narrow host ranges, such as the historically and economically important Phytophthora infestans which infects Solanaceae species and causes late blight of potato and tomato.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical genetic approach using β-rubromycin reveals that a RIO kinase-like protein is involved in morphological development in Phytophthora infestans

Tani

Nishio

Kai

et al. 2020

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To characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying life-stage transitions in Phytophthora infestans, we initiated a chemical genetics approach by screening for a stage-specific inhibitor of morphological development from microbial culture extracts prepared mostly from actinomycetes from soil in Japan. Of the more than 700 extracts, one consistently inhibited Ph. infestans cyst germination. Purification and identification of the active compound by ESI–MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR identified β-rubromycin as the inhibitor of cyst germination (IC50 = 19.8 μg/L); β-rubromycin did not inhibit growth on rye media, sporangium formation, zoospore release, cyst formation, or appressorium formation in Ph. infestans. Further analyses revealed that β-rubromycin inhibited the germination of cysts and oospores in Pythium aphanidermatum. A chemical genetic approach revealed that β-rubromycin stimulated the expression of RIO kinase-like gene (PITG_04584) by 60-fold in Ph. infestans. Genetic analyses revealed that PITG_04584, which lacks close non-oomycete relatives, was involved in zoosporogenesis, cyst germination, and appressorium formation in Ph. infestans. These data imply that further functional analyses of PITG_04584 may contribute to new methods to suppress diseases caused by oomycetes.

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“…Damping-off disease is one of the major global factors affecting the germination of the seeds and plants of the different pepper germplasms [1,2]. Pythium damping-off has caused severe damage to the root systems of plants, with close to 70% plant mortality at the seedling stage or in the field, thus reducing the production, quality, and quantity of the pepper's harvest potential [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Marine Bacteria and Yeasts on the Biocontrol Activity of Pythium ultimum in Ancho-Type Pepper Seedlings

et al. 2020

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Ancho-type pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a crop susceptible to Pythium ultimum, which has already been controlled with synthetic fungicide applications; however, marine antagonist microorganisms could be an alternative source of control. The efficiency in vitro and in vivo of marine bacteria and yeasts was determined against P. ultimum. The inhibition of the radial growth of P. ultimum was quantified in vitro by the bacteria Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KM01 and KM02; Bacillus subtilis RBM01 and RBM02, B. amyloliquefaciens 2RLBF and 3R4CF; and Pseudomonas spp. 2R6BF and 2RE9CF, as well as the yeasts Debaryomyces hansenii 1R11AB, 1R11CB, and LL01 and Cryptococcus laurentii 2R3BF and 2R1CB. The β-1,3-glucanase activity of the marine microorganisms was quantified in the presence of the phytopathogen. The disease index (DI), growth parameters, and colony forming units (CFU) were determined in ancho-type pepper plants inoculated with marine bacteria, yeasts, and P. ultimum. The radial zone of the phytopathogen was inhibited by 80% and 75% by S. rhizophila KM01 and C. laurentii 2R1CB, respectively. D. hansenii LL01 and S. rhizophila KM02 showed the highest activity of β-1,3-glucanase, with 6060 U/mL and 47 U/mL, respectively. B. subtilis RBM02 protected 100% of the plants from the oomycete, and an increase was quantified in all the growth parameters and CFU. The use of these marine bacteria and yeasts are, therefore, an option for P. ultimum biocontrol in ancho-type pepper plants, thereby minimizing the application of synthetic fungicides.Agronomy 2020, 10, 408 2 of 12 by immediate infection makes management of this phytopathogen very difficult [7]. Several Pythium species, including P. aphanidermatum, P. irregular, and P. ultimum, are known to cause damping-off and root rot diseases in pepper [8][9][10]. Although synthetic fungicides have shown promising results in controlling damping-off disease, phytotoxicity and fungicide residues pose serious problems to human and animal health, as well as the environment. In this context, phytosanitary measures and the management of pepper cultivation should include the application of microorganisms as biocontrol agents to minimize the use of synthetic fungicides [11].Bacteria and yeasts have a high capacity to control phytopathogens without causing damage to human and animal health and the environment [12,13]. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the biocontrol of phytopathogens by bacteria and yeasts, including competition for space and nutrients [14,15], lytic enzyme production such as β-1,3-glucanase [16,17], and induction of host resistance [18,19], among others. Both microorganisms have been isolated in different terrestrial ecosystems, mainly in plants, fruits, and soils; the main bacteria used as biocontrol agents are species of Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, which have already been reported for the control of Fusarium proliferatum in melon [20]; Sclerotium rolfsii [21] and Rhizoctonia solani in wheat [22]; and F. solani in cassava [23], among others. O...

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Talaromyces variabilis interferes with Pythium aphanidermatum growth and suppresses Pythium-induced damping-off of cucumbers and tomatoes

Cited by 33 publications

References 50 publications

Biological Control of Pythium aphanidermatum, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two Streptomyces Root Symbionts

Biological Control of Pythium aphanidermatum, the Causal Agent of Tomato Root Rot by Two Streptomyces Root Symbionts

Chemical genetic approach using β-rubromycin reveals that a RIO kinase-like protein is involved in morphological development in Phytophthora infestans

Efficiency of Marine Bacteria and Yeasts on the Biocontrol Activity of Pythium ultimum in Ancho-Type Pepper Seedlings

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