Tannins and Bacitracin Differentially Modulate Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Carrasco, Juan María Díaz; Redondo, Enzo A.; Viso, Natalia Daniela Pin; Redondo, Leandro M.; Farber, Marisa Diana; Fernández‐Miyakawa, Mariano E.

doi:10.1155/2018/1879168

Cited by 98 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…After quality control, 228 samples were retained and we obtained 4,995,664 sequences with a total of 3,993 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The frequency of reads per sample varied from 3,527 to 210,082 with an average of 21,911 and a median of 18,130 per sample, which is comparable to previous studies [46,47].…”

Section: Sequencing Informationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Clavijo¹,

Morales²,

Flores³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe microbiota of broiler chicken gut affects positively or negatively the health, metabolism and immunity of chickens thus it has a significant impact on the animal productivity. Phages, host-specific parasites of bacterial cells, are a promising antimicrobial alternative that selectively target pathogens without disturbing the microbiota. The aim of the study is further characterizing the behaviour of phages and its effect on the commensal microbial community.MethodsWe used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effect of SalmoFree® (a phage cocktail against Salmonella) on the microbiota of the cecum of broilers reared in a commercial farming system. Two field trials were carried out including 2 control and 2 experimental houses. Phages were incorporated in the broilers’ drinking water using three doses at the grower stage. The core microbiome, differentially abundant taxa between treatments as well as taxa associated with age were identified using Qiime2 and the R-Project for statistics.ResultsAnalyses of similarities among communities over time allowed us to identify two stages of microbiota development at the last stage of the production cycle. The core microbiome identified some key species in the adaptation of the microbiota at the last stage of the cycle. Among these there are important degraders of complex polysaccharides and producers of short chain fatty acids such as Eisenbergiella and Lachnoclostridium. Additionally, the phage cocktail did not affect the normal development of the microbiota structure while its application contributes to reduce the presence of pathogenic Enterobacteria including Salmonella. The addition of the phage cocktail led to a significant reduction in the abundance of Campylobacter and Helicobacter and increase in Butyricimonas and Rikenellaceae abundance which are common inhabitants of the chicken gut with known negative and positive effects in the health, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that phages can contribute to improve the chicken health and reduce pathogens burden at the end of the production cycle of broilers. Furthermore, it presents for the first time a detailed look of the microbiota composition and changes in broilers in a commercial scenario, information that will valuable towards the implementation of phage therapy technologies in the field.

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Section: Sequencing Informationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Clavijo¹,

Morales²,

Flores³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In recent reports, no effects on the C. perfringens counts in the jejunum, ceca, and colon [48,49] and lower or higher C. perfringens counts in the ceca and litter [49,50] have been reported in broilers fed BMD-added diets compared to those fed diets without added BMD. No reports of the effects of HS on C. perfringens were found in poultry on published articles.…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In broiler chickens, improvements in body weight, feed conversion, the ash content of the tibia, and the retention of ashes, nitrogen, and energy as well as reduced crypt depth and increased length of the villi of the jejunal mucosa due to the inclusion of HS have been reported [4,8]. Increased antioxidant activity in birds reared under normal and stress conditions [11,12] and lower Escherichia coli counts in the digesta of the small intestine have also been reported in broilers added with HS (50). However, contrasting results have also been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Addition of Humic Substances as Growth Promoter in Broiler Chickens Under Two Feeding Regimens

Domínguez-Negrete

Gómez-Rosales

Angeles

et al. 2019

Animals

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Humic substances (HS) from different sources have been evaluated to replace or reduce the use of growth promoter antibiotics (GPA) in the feeds of broiler chickens. The objective was to evaluate the growth performance, tibia measurements, nutrient balance, meat quality, and microbiological status of broiler fed with an HS extract (EHS) under ad libitum (ADLIB) or feed restriction (REST). Individually caged broilers (n = 180, 14–35 day of age) were assigned to a factorial arrangement of three dietary treatments: (1) positive control with bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) and salinomycin; (2) negative control without BMD nor salinomycin, and (3) same as negative control with 0.25% EHS, and two feeding regimens 1) ADLIB or REST for 24 h on d 1, 7, and 14. Results were subjected to ANOVA. Positive control and EHS-fed broilers showed higher carcass yield (p < 0.05) and lower oocyst excretion (p < 0.01) compared to negative control birds. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) were higher in negative control and EHS-broilers compared to positive control (p < 0.01). In conclusion, higher carcass yield, lower C. perfringens and oocyst excretion were found in positive control and higher carcass yield, higher LAB and lower oocyst excretion were found in EHS-fed broilers. Broilers subjected to REST had reduced growth performance and meat quality. In conclusion, EHS could be used to increase the carcass yield and beneficial LAB in broilers.

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“…The effect of replacing feed ingredients on the gastrointestinal microbiome of chickens has been demonstrated. Díaz Carrasco et al (2018) included tannins in the diet of growing broilers and detected a significant impact on cecal microbiota diversity: animals treated with tannins showed greater diversity than the untreated ones. In addition, significant changes in β-diversity were observed between those groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Feeding a Soybean-Based or a Soy-Free Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Pasture-Raised Chickens Throughout Their Lifecycle

Lourenço

Rothrock

Sanad

et al. 2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Soybean is one of the primary ingredients in poultry diets, but it causes problems in some consumers with allergies. Thus, production of poultry without soybean in their diets has increased in recent years. In addition, consumers are increasingly supporting alternative (e.g., organic, pasture-raised) chicken production systems for ethical reasons, yet the impacts of a variety of diets on these birds remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine the impact of feeding two different diets-a soybean-based and a soy-free diet-on the intestinal microbiome of pasture-raised chickens. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the feces, cecal contents, and whole carcass rinses from 5 pasture-raised flocks (3 soybean-based, 2 soy-free) grown over 2 years on the same farm, and their microbiomes were compared. Regardless of diet, the phylum Firmicutes corresponded to 63% or more of the total bacterial abundance in the fecal and cecal samples; however, in the whole carcass rinses, the relative abundance of Firmicutes dropped to ∼30%. Alpha diversity metrics revealed significant differences without any clear patterns when comparing the 2 diets, but principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.04) between them. Notably, broilers receiving the soy-free diet had lower abundance of Campylobacter during their entire lifecycle. This effect was particularly important in the fecal material collected when birds were 12-weeks-old (i.e., day of processing; P = 0.003) and in the whole carcass rinses obtained from the final product (P = 0.04). Abundance of Acinetobacter was also lower (P = 0.05) in the whole carcass rinses from birds consuming the soy-free diet. These data suggest that the presence of soybeans in chicken diets can be an important factor shaping overall microbiomes throughout the farm-to-fork continuum, specifically resulting in a greater presence of the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter and Acinetobacter. Therefore, the use of a soy-free diet can potentially represent a viable strategy to reduce contamination of carcasses in pasture-raised chicken production systems.

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Tannins and Bacitracin Differentially Modulate Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Cited by 98 publications

References 81 publications

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Effect of the Addition of Humic Substances as Growth Promoter in Broiler Chickens Under Two Feeding Regimens

The Effects of Feeding a Soybean-Based or a Soy-Free Diet on the Gut Microbiome of Pasture-Raised Chickens Throughout Their Lifecycle

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