Target Costing and Value Engineering

Cooper, Robin; Slagmulder, Regine

doi:10.1201/9780203737378

Cited by 115 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…It is not uncommon for designers to have direct knowledge of goals during the design process. For instance, the widely used target costing method determines goals before design begins, and these goals are used to guide the search for solutions throughout the design process (Cooper & Slagmulder, 1997;Feil, Yook, & Kim, 2004).Teams are composed of individuals who strive towards a common goal (Kurtzberg & Amabile, 2001). When members of a team interact while working towards the goal, they perform better than individuals working alone (Sio, Kotovsky, & Cagan, 2014;Wood, Chen, Fu, Cagan, & Kotovsky, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifting the Veil: Drawing Insights about Design Teams from a Cognitively-inspired Computational Model

McComb¹,

Kotovsky²,

Cagan³

2018

Preprint

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Novel design methodologies are often evaluated through studies involving human designers, but such studies can incur a high personnel cost. It can also be difficult to isolate the effects of specific team or individual characteristics. This work introduces the Cognitively-Inspired Simulated Annealing Teams (CISAT) modeling framework, a platform for efficiently simulating and analyzing human design teams. The framework models a number of empirically demonstrated cognitive phenomena, thus balancing simplicity and direct applicability. This paper discusses the model's composition, and demonstrates its utility through simulating human design teams in a cognitive study. Simulation results are compared directly to the results from human designers. The CISAT model is also used to identify the most beneficial characteristics in the cognitive study. Keywords: computational model, design cognition, teamwork, engineering design Much cognitive research in engineering design has focused on individuals, despite the fact that most engineering design is actually performed by teams (Paulus, Dzindolet, & Kohn, 2011). This work focuses on developing a better understanding of team-based design through computationally simulating the team design process. Empirical studies are a common means for exploring design cognition and for testing new design methodologies. However, these studies can incur a high personnel cost while only returning a limited amount of data. It can also be difficult to isolate the effects of specific characteristics. This work introduces a computational framework that simulates teambased engineering design through creating software agents that directly solve engineering problems. In addition to offering a resource efficient test bed for evaluating design strategies, this framework can be used to test the conclusions from cognitive studies. It can be used to peel apart aspects of human design, and provides a succinct representation of designer behavior. The purpose of the framework is not to replace cognitive studies, but rather to augment traditional methods of investigation, accelerating the discovery of improved design methodologies.A significant amount of work has attempted to simulate the performance of both teams and individuals (Fan & Yen, 2004). For instance, both the Virtual Design Team model, and another model applied to teams at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, incorporate detailed descriptions of design team organization and interaction (Jin & Levit, 1996;Olson, Cagan, & Kotovsky, 2009). Both models were used to simulate complex design tasks, but were also burdened by high model complexity. For instance, the model by Olson et al. (2009) used approximately 1000 distinct variables, and required nearly 100000 lines of code for implementation. Still other work has utilized agent-based models to explore the formation of mental models during team problem-solving with respect to both interaction structure (Dionne, Sayama, Hao, & James, 2010) and agent memory (Sayama, Farrell, & Dionne, 2011). Mental ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifting the Veil: Drawing Insights about Design Teams from a Cognitively-inspired Computational Model

McComb¹,

Kotovsky²,

Cagan³

2018

Preprint

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“…LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 COLLABORATIVE COSTING WITHIN TVD TVD was adopted from target costing which originates from the manufacturing industry in the 1930's (Feil et al, 2004). The process was used by manufacturers and customers to manage product profitability (Cooper & Slagmulder, 1997). The main logic behind the process was to allow cost and value to anchor the design process instead of calculating cost after the design is complete (Tommelein & Ballard, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete Costing Versus Collaborative Costing.

Namadi¹,

Pasquire²,

Manu³

2017

25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction

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The UK construction industry has witnessed a recent shift towards integrated and collaborative approaches. Such collaborative efforts include the use of integrated systems like BIM, lean and innovative procurement options which are now reshaping project delivery systems. However, in the UK, most efforts have focused primarily on the conventional project management system, which is coherent and contract-based and has brought the separation in the processes of costing/design and production. In fact, cost and design processes are still treated as independent and separate functions which are carried out discretely within the current project delivery system. This neglect, and the lack of a holistic and collaborative approach in costing, arguably accounts for much of the cost overrun that is still prevalent in the UK industry. Traditionally, cost management has been the chief duty of Quantity Surveyors (QSs) in the UK. Recently, Target Value Design (TVD) has emerged as a management approach under the lean philosophy that aims to deliver exactly what the customer needs in terms of value within stipulated project constraints. The technique is aimed at making the budget become an input in the design and decision making process rather than an outcome of a design. The growth of collaborative approaches such as TVD opens new opportunities for project participants to deliver more value for clients and work collaboratively. This paper reports on the literature review that aimed at developing a framework to improve the current cost management practice towards a more collaborative system against the existing discrete form of costing that inhibits collaboration.

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“…It is here to shoulder the efforts of the Chief Administrative Officer, engineers and accountants to search for the means with which to achieve this objective, this effort started from the functional analysis, which was developed under the name of "architecture value", and an analysis of the processes and products, for operations, be an analysis of the major operations of the economic unity to the range of activities of each operation, and then select the value-adding activities and non-hosts the value and an analytical study to determine the mechanisms of support activities through the inventory and to identify the main factors affecting them and to their development and to try to learn how to minimize or exclude activities host-value in the light of the expected to occur in the case of exclusion, and required by this exclusion from the redrawing of the map of the flow of operations [21] ; as a result of the emergence of new methods of production in the appropriate time (JIT Just in time, the planning of the project resources Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), which aims to reduce costs through the exclusion of activities of host-value, and reducing the time of achievement [22] .…”

Section: International Journal Of Computer Applications (0975 -8887) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Approach to Develop the Measurement Methods of Accounting Disclosure for Support of the Competitiveness of Business Organizations

Alkashef¹,

Alaydi²,

Alyamany³

2017

IJCA

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Search seeks to identify the axes of the development of the instrument cluster accounting disclosure on the basis of the results reached from previous studies in this area, which define the trends of the targeted development methods of management accounting in the light of the expected changes in the environment of the activity of companies; from which can raise the ability of economic unity to achieve competitive advantages. General TermsManagement Accounting-measurement methods -accounting disclosure KeywordsDevelop the measurement-disclosure-competitivenessmanagement accounting.

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Target Costing and Value Engineering

Cited by 115 publications

References 0 publications

Lifting the Veil: Drawing Insights about Design Teams from a Cognitively-inspired Computational Model

Lifting the Veil: Drawing Insights about Design Teams from a Cognitively-inspired Computational Model

Discrete Costing Versus Collaborative Costing.

Proposed Approach to Develop the Measurement Methods of Accounting Disclosure for Support of the Competitiveness of Business Organizations

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