Targeted therapies in non‐small cell lung cancer and the potential role of AI interventions in cancer treatment

Menon, Tarunya; Gopal, Shubhang; Verma, Smita Rastogi

doi:10.1002/bab.2356

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Additionally, cytokine-inducible Src homology 2-containing (CIS) protein, which is an important cytokine checkpoint upstream of IL-15 signaling, is induced by the addition of cytokines, achieving enhanced metabolic fitness and effector functions in CAR-NK cells ( 70 , 167 ). Other studies have revealed the positive effects of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade on NK cells ( 168 ).…”

Section: Combination Of Car-nk Cells Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Th...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical application and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors for CAR-NK cell in tumor immunotherapy

Yang

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering of natural killer (NK) cells is an attractive research field in tumor immunotherapy. While CAR is genetically engineered to express certain molecules, it retains the intrinsic ability to recognize tumor cells through its own receptors. Additionally, NK cells do not depend on T cell receptors for cytotoxic killing. CAR-NK cells exhibit some differences to CAR-T cells in terms of more precise killing, numerous cell sources, and increased effectiveness in solid tumors. However, some problems still exist with CAR-NK cell therapy, such as cytotoxicity, low transfection efficiency, and storage issues. Immune checkpoints inhibit immune cells from performing their normal killing function, and the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment has become a key therapeutic strategy. The application of CAR-T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors is being evaluated in numerous ongoing basic research and clinical studies. Immune checkpoints may affect the function of CAR-NK cell therapy. In this review, we describe the combination of existing CAR-NK cell technology with immune checkpoint therapy and discuss the research of CAR-NK cell technology and future clinical treatments. We also summarize the progress of clinical trials of CAR-NK cells and immune checkpoint therapy.

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Section: Combination Of Car-nk Cells Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Th...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical application and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors for CAR-NK cell in tumor immunotherapy

Yang

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…In several cancer types, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in immunosuppressive cells [ 115 ]. Preclinical tests have revealed that PD-L1-targeted CAR-NK cells exhibit specific antitumor effects against several in vitro tumor cell lines, and exhibit robust in vivo antitumor effects against triple-negative breast cancer [ 116 ], bladder cancer [ 117 ], and lung cancer [ 118 ]. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/erythroblastic oncogene B 2 (ERBB2) is often overexpressed in breast, gastric, esophageal, ovarian, and endometrial cancers [ 119 ].…”

Section: Nk Cell Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimeric antigen receptor-based natural killer cell immunotherapy in cancer: from bench to bedside

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Cell Death Dis

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Immunotherapy has rapidly evolved in the past decades in the battle against cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have demonstrated significant success in certain hematologic malignancies, although they still face certain limitations, including high costs and toxic effects. Natural killer cells (NK cells), as a vital component of the immune system, serve as the “first responders” in the context of cancer development. In this literature review, we provide an updated understanding of NK cell development, functions, and their applications in disease therapy. Furthermore, we explore the rationale for utilizing engineered NK cell therapies, such as CAR-NK cells, and discuss the differences between CAR-T and CAR-NK cells. We also provide insights into the key elements and strategies involved in CAR design for engineered NK cells. In addition, we highlight the challenges currently encountered and discuss the future directions in NK cell research and utilization, including pre-clinical investigations and ongoing clinical trials. Based on the outstanding antitumor potential of NK cells, it is highly likely that they will lead to groundbreaking advancements in cancer treatment in the future.

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“…CTLA-4 is highly expressed on activated T cells where it competes with CD28 for binding to CD80 and CD86 expressed on APC (Figure 1) [19]. Consequently, the overexpression of CTLA-4 in the tumour micro-environment can act as a biomarker for prognosis and treatment of NSCLC [20]. Targeting CTLA-4 can prevent the immunosuppressive CTLA-4 binding mechanisms by diminishing the co-stimulatory binding of CD28.…”

Section: Modes Of Action For Immunotherapies 1immune Checkpoint Block...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy through the Lens of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Stanley

Flanagan

Reilly

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Immunotherapy has revolutionised anti-cancer treatment in solid organ malignancies. Specifically, the discovery of CTLA-4 followed by PD-1 in the early 2000s led to the practice-changing clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Patients with lung cancer, including both small cell (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), benefit from the most commonly used form of immunotherapy in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), resulting in increased survival and quality of life. In NSCLC, the benefit of ICIs has now extended from advanced NSCLC to earlier stages of disease, resulting in durable benefits and the even the emergence of the word ‘cure’ in long term responders. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy, and few patients achieve long-term survival. Patients may also develop immune-related toxicity, a small percentage of which is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. This review article highlights the various types of immunotherapeutic strategies, their modes of action, and the practice-changing clinical trials that have led to the widespread use of immunotherapy, with a focus on ICIs in NSCLC and the current challenges associated with advancing the field of immunotherapy.

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Targeted therapies in non‐small cell lung cancer and the potential role of AI interventions in cancer treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 101 publications

Clinical application and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors for CAR-NK cell in tumor immunotherapy

Clinical application and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors for CAR-NK cell in tumor immunotherapy

Chimeric antigen receptor-based natural killer cell immunotherapy in cancer: from bench to bedside

Immunotherapy through the Lens of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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