Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer

Shibata, Masahiro; Hoque, Mohammad O.

doi:10.3390/cancers11050732

Cited by 159 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…6,7 CSCs expressing different surface markers, such as CD133, nestin, and CD44, have been subsequently found in many nonsolid and solid tumors, and these cells also form the bulk of the tumor. 8,9 CSCs can generate tumors via the self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cellular subtypes. 10 The activities of CSCs are controlled by many intracellular and extracellular factors, and these factors can be used as drug targets for cancer treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy

Yang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sig Transduct Target Ther

1,320

998

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Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2020) 5:8; https://doi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy

Yang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sig Transduct Target Ther

1,320

998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While clustering ultimately leads to the loss of single-cell resolution when applied to cytometry data, it also allows investigators to make inferences about which phenotypes-shared among many cells-are present in their data. Such inferences are frequently important in cancer biology, where deconvolving heterogeneous mixtures of cells within bulk tumor populations is a common experimental goal (54,55).…”

Section: Uniform Manifold Estimation and Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cancer Biologist's Primer on Machine Learning Applications in High‐Dimensional Cytometry

Keyes

Domizi

et al. 2020

Cytometry Pt A

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The application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to high‐dimensional cytometry data sets has increasingly become a staple of bioinformatic data analysis over the past decade. This is especially true in the field of cancer biology, where protocols for collecting multiparameter single‐cell data in a high‐throughput fashion are rapidly developed. As the use of machine learning methodology in cytometry becomes increasingly common, there is a need for cancer biologists to understand the basic theory and applications of a variety of algorithmic tools for analyzing and interpreting cytometry data. We introduce the reader to several keystone machine learning‐based analytic approaches with an emphasis on defining key terms and introducing a conceptual framework for making translational or clinically relevant discoveries. The target audience consists of cancer cell biologists and physician‐scientists interested in applying these tools to their own data, but who may have limited training in bioinformatics. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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“…S3, the cells still have higher viability though 4 days culture with PS microfragments, approximately 80% of survival rate at higher concentration. It is because cancer stem cells are typically drug or extrinsic material-resistant [40].…”

Section: Cellular Survival Rate In Vitro Analysis Under Ps Microfragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

in vitro Chemical and physical toxicity of polystyrene microplastics in human-derived cells

Choi

Bang

Kim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background With the increase of plastics production, a variety of toxicological studies regarding the microplastics have been reported since the microplastics could be ingested by the human body and cause serious diseases. However, the previous studies have been mainly focused on the toxicity of sphere type microbeads, which may be different from that of the randomly-shaped microplastics in real environment. Here, we have conducted the in vitro toxicology for randomly-shaped microplastics following the hypothesis that (1) physical cytotoxicity is affected from nano-/micro-size roughness in polystyrene (PS) microplastics and (2) chemical toxicity is caused by chemical reagents from microplastics.Results To prepare random shape of PS microplastics, we produced microfragments by ball mill grinding, then analyzed them via various toxicity tests in chemical and physical aspects with various kinds of human-derived cells. Ground PS microplastics were sorted in 3 ranges: 5-25 μm, 25-75 μm and 75-200 μm, and treated up to 1 mg/mL to cells based on weekly human intake of microplastics. We have confirmed that the PS microfragments induced 20 times increased acute inflammation for immune cells, production of reactive oxygen species and cell-death for fibroblasts and cancer cells by release of chemical reagents from microplastics. In addition, when the PS microfragments were in direct contact with the fibroblast and red blood cells, they lead to the lactose dehydrogenase release caused by a cell membrane damage and hemolysis by physical stress of microfragments. This phenomenon was amplified as microfragments concentration and roughness increases, we quantitatively analyzed roughness differences between microplastics, demonstrating that there are strong relationship physical damage of cells and roughness of microplastics.Conclusion We found that the PS microfragments have chemical toxicity. Furthermore, the physical toxicity by PS resulted in cellular membrane damage and correlated with statistically quantified-shape roughness. Therefore, we newly suggested the additional physical toxicity of random shape of microplastics. This provides the evidence of environmental and biological risks on random shape of microplastics.

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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer

Cited by 159 publications

References 146 publications

Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy

Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy

A Cancer Biologist's Primer on Machine Learning Applications in High‐Dimensional Cytometry

in vitro Chemical and physical toxicity of polystyrene microplastics in human-derived cells

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