Targeting the Ophthalmic Diseases Using Extracellular Vesicles ‘Exosomes’: Current Insights on Their Clinical Approval and Present Trials

Abstract

Ophthalmic diseases encompass a diverse range of conditions, each necessitating tailored treatment strategies. In the realm of ophthalmic research and therapeutic interventions, various subtypes of exosomes are being explored for their regenerative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Exosomes have garnered increasing attention as promising therapeutic vehicles due to their natural role in cell-to-cell communication and targeted delivery capabilities. Derived from cells, these small vesicles facilitate the transportation of numerous molecules between cells, offering advantages such as low immunogenicity, stability, and precise cell targeting. These inherent qualities make exosomes an enticing avenue for advancing treatment options for ophthalmic diseases. While ongoing research and clinical applications continue to evolve, several exosome subtypes have demonstrated potential for addressing various ophthalmic conditions, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, retinal degenerative disorders, and ocular inflammatory conditions.