Tartary Buckwheat Extract Attenuated the Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Increased Muscle PGC-1a/SIRT1 Expression in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Abstract

Obesity is intimately related to a chronic inflammatory state, with augmentation of macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in white adipose tissue (WAT) and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. The specific aim of this study is to evaluate effects of tartary buckwheat extract (TB) on obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α/sirtulin 1 (SIRT1) pathway in rats fed a high-fat diet. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal diet (NOR), 45% high-fat diet (HF), HF + low dose of TB (TB-L; 5 g/kg diet), or HF + high dose of TB (TB-H; 10 g/kg diet) for 13 weeks. TB significantly reduced adipose tissue mass with decreased adipogenic gene expression of PPAR-γ and aP2. Serum nitric oxide levels and adipose tissue macrophage M1 polarization gene markers, such as iNOS, CD11c, and Arg1, and pro-inflammatory gene expression, including TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, were remarkably downregulated in the TB-L and TB-H groups. Moreover, TB supplementation increased gene expression of PGC-1α and SIRT1, involved in muscle biogenesis and function. These results suggested that TB might attenuate obesity-induced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating adipose tissue inflammation and the muscle PGC-1α/SIRT1 pathway.

Association Between SIRT1, Cytokines, and Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenia Patients With Olanzapine or Clozapine Monotherapy

“…Our findings are consistent with some previous studies demonstrating that schizophrenia patients with obesity and MetS displayed markedly elevated levels of proinflammatory factors (2,29,53,54). Interestingly, numerous studies have indicated that SIRT1 plays an important role in immune regulation, and the interaction between SIRT1 and immune inflammation is significantly related to metabolic abnormalities (55,56). We extended this association to show that the SIRT1 interacting with IL-6 as the influencing factor for the MetS in schizophrenia patients.…”

Transcriptomic and Metabonomic Profiling Reveals the Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice

“…23 It has been well-established that TB and TB extracts similarly regulated lipids and sugar in the blood, improved hepatic steatosis, and reduced adipocyte size. 13,24,25 This study systematically evaluated the STB roles in regulating hypolipidemia, alleviating insulin resistance function, and strengthening the liver, which are consistent with the previous study. 26 Given the evidence of abundant flavonoids in TB and STB, it can be speculated that flavonoids take charge of the regulation of blood lipids.…”

Norisoboldine Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Macrophage Polarization <i>via</i> PKM2/HIF-1α/PGC-1α Pathway

“…PGC-1α plays a variety of physiological functions by combining with PPAR-γ, such as energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, inflammatory response and so on. [48][49][50] Studies have shown that up-regulation of PGC-1α and β could attenuate the energy metabolism disorder and inflammatory response in LPS induced septic heart failure mice. 51) Our study showed that NOR could up-regulate the expression of PGC-1α and PPAR-γ in LPS induced mice and RAW264.7 cells.…”