Taste in birds

Shoval, Shira L. Cheled; Uni, Zehava; Scanes, Colin G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819770-7.00051-7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…At hatch, taste buds are fully functional and responsive to taste stimuli. There is a fast increase in the number of taste buds during embryonic day 17 and 18 and reaches 80 taste buds by day 19 (Cheled Shoval et al, 2022). While some data suggest that the total number of taste buds has been reached before hatching, some other have shown that the taste system continues to grow and mature reaching the peak by day 3 post-hatching (Ganchrow and Ganchrow, 1987;Ganchrow et al, 1995;Rajapaksha et al, 2016).…”

Section: Embryonic Taste Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans and pigs, taste buds are 79 µm × 39 µm and 93 µm × 36 µm, respectively. Avian taste buds have been classified into three groups based on histological structure and are represented in Figure 2 (Bath, 1906;Botezat, 1906;Berkhoudt, 1992;Rowland et al, 2015;Cheled Shoval et al, 2022):…”

Section: Taste Sensory Cell Types and Comparative Taste Bud Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The avian taste system

Niknafs,

Navarro,

Schneider

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Taste or gustation is the sense evolving from the chemo-sensory system present in the oral cavity of avian species, which evolved to evaluate the nutritional value of foods by detecting relevant compounds including amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, calcium, salts, and toxic or anti-nutritional compounds. In birds compared to mammals, due to the relatively low retention time of food in the oral cavity, the lack of taste papillae in the tongue, and an extremely limited secretion of saliva, the relevance of the avian taste system has been historically undermined. However, in recent years, novel data has emerged, facilitated partially by the advent of the genomic era, evidencing that the taste system is as crucial to avian species as is to mammals. Despite many similarities, there are also fundamental differences between avian and mammalian taste systems in terms of anatomy, distribution of taste buds, and the nature and molecular structure of taste receptors. Generally, birds have smaller oral cavities and a lower number of taste buds compared to mammals, and their distribution in the oral cavity appears to follow the swallowing pattern of foods. In addition, differences between bird species in the size, structure and distribution of taste buds seem to be associated with diet type and other ecological adaptations. Birds also seem to have a smaller repertoire of bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) and lack some taste receptors such as the T1R2 involved in sweet taste perception. This has opened new areas of research focusing on taste perception mechanisms independent of GPCR taste receptors and the discovery of evolutionary shifts in the molecular function of taste receptors adapting to ecological niches in birds. For example, recent discoveries have shown that the amino acid taste receptor dimer T1R1-T1R3 have mutated to sense simple sugars in almost half of the living bird species, or SGLT1 has been proposed as a part of a T1R2-independent sweet taste sensing in chicken. The aim of this review is to present the scientific data known to date related to the avian taste system across species and its impact on dietary choices including domestic and wild species.

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Section: Embryonic Taste Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taste Sensory Cell Types and Comparative Taste Bud Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The avian taste system

Niknafs,

Navarro,

Schneider

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Oropharyngeal Floor of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus, Linnaeus, 1758) Focusing on the Numerical and Regional Distribution of the Taste Buds

Madkour,

Hiramatsu,

Mohamed

2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The architecture of the avian oropharynx corresponds to the feeding pattern. The present study aims to provide data on morphology, morphometry, and spatial distribution of taste buds in the oropharyngeal floor of the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) using gross anatomy, morphometric, and scanning electron microscopy. The lower beak tip and tomia revealed the presence of variably‐sized dermal papillae. The prefrenular part of the oral floor had an interrupted median groove. Numerous taste buds and rostral submandibular salivary gland openings were detected alongside this groove. The tongue partially filled the oral floor. Its rostral end formed a median pointed process, the lingual nail. The dorsolateral aspects of the lingual apex and body showed hair‐like and rosette‐shaped filiform papillae of variable densities and sizes. However, these parts were devoid of taste buds. On the other hand, the surface mucosa of the lingual root presented numerous scale‐like cellular elevations and a large number of taste buds. Examination of cross sections in the lingual root suggested the presence of two groups of caudal lingual salivary glands, central and lateral. The laryngeal mound contained taste buds that protruded from the surface epithelium into the lumen. The mucosa of the pharyngeal floor contained many taste buds that appeared similar to those detected on the laryngeal mound, except for the large taste pores, excessive cellular porosity, and denser microvilli. The total proportions of the taste buds in the oral and pharyngeal floors were 34.1% and 65.81%, respectively. The proportions of taste buds were 34.1%, 57.26%, 4.27%, and 4.27% in the sublingual floor, lingual root, laryngeal mound, and pharyngeal wall, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive data on the oropharynx of northern bobwhite and will help to understand mechanisms governing food gustation in the studied bird and other related birds.

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Taste in birds

Cited by 2 publications

References 124 publications

The avian taste system

The avian taste system

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Oropharyngeal Floor of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus, Linnaeus, 1758) Focusing on the Numerical and Regional Distribution of the Taste Buds

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