Taurine Ameliorates Renal Oxidative Damage and Thyroid Dysfunction in Rats Chronically Exposed to Fluoride

Abstract

Excessive exposure to fluoride poses several detrimental effects to human health particularly the kidney which is a major organ involved in its elimination from the body. The influence of taurine on fluoride-induced renal toxicity was investigated in a co-exposure paradigm for 45 days using five groups of eight rats each. Group I rats received normal drinking water alone, group II rats were exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) in drinking water at 15 mg/L alone, group III received taurine alone at a dose of 200 mg/kg group IV rats were co-administered with NaF and taurine (100 mg/kg), while group V rats were co-administered with NaF and taurine (200 mg/kg). Administration of taurine significantly reversed the fluoride-mediated decrease in absolute weight and organo-somatic index of the kidney in the exposed rats. Taurine significantly prevented fluoride-induced elevation in plasma urea and creatinine levels in the exposed rats. Moreover, taurine restored fluoride-mediated decrease in the circulatory concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and the ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine. Taurine ameliorated fluoride-mediated decrease in renal antioxidant status by significantly enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as glutathione level in the exposed rats. Additionally, taurine inhibited fluoride-induced renal oxidative damage by markedly decreasing the hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels as well as improved the kidney architecture in the treated rats. Collectively, taurine protected against fluoride-induced renal toxicity via enhancement of thyroid gland function, renal antioxidant status, and histology in rats.

Fluoride and diethylnitrosamine coexposure enhances oxido‐inflammatory responses and caspase‐3 activation in liver and kidney of adult rats

“…The doses of DEN and fluoride used in this study were selected from our pilot studies and earlier published studies . The final body weights of the rats were taken before the collection of blood from retro‐orbital venous plexus into plain tubes and sacrifice by cervical dislocation on day 15.…”

“…Indeed, epidemiological studies have shown that people residing in some countries in Asia, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean could be exposed to polluted water having about 20 mg/L fluoride level . Hepatic and renal toxicities associated with long‐term exposure to fluoride have been linked to induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage in rodents …”

Taurine reverses sodium fluoride-mediated increase in inflammation, caspase-3 activity, and oxidative damage along the brain–pituitary–gonadal axis in male rats

“…The doses of NaF and taurine used in the present study were selected based on the previously published data (Chattopadhyay et al 2011;Adedara et al 2017). Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the final body weights of the rats were taken, blood collected from retro-orbital venous plexus using heparin containing tubes before they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation.…”

Impact of taurine on red blood cell metabolism and implications for blood storage

“…Taurine (2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulfur‐amino acid that derives from cysteine that was first discovered in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin in ox bile ( Taurus in Latin) . A main constituent of human bile salts as well, it was later identified in 1846 by Ronalds; while the mechanisms are still incompletely understood, it has since been appreciated for its role as an antioxidant, osmoprotectant, modulator of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and neuroprotective agent . Taurine is a nonessential amino acid, the circulating levels of which are significantly impacted by dietary intake (the normal diet typically contains 40 to 400 mg per day).…”