Taurine and Its Derivatives: Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect on Platelet Function and Their Antithrombotic Potential

Abstract

Taurine is a semi-essential, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, with a six times higher concentration in platelets than any other amino acid. It is highly beneficial for the organism, has many therapeutic actions, and is currently approved for heart failure treatment in Japan. Taurine has been repeatedly reported to elicit an inhibitory action on platelet activation and aggregation, sustained by in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro animal and human studies. Taurine showed effectiveness in several pathologies involving thrombotic diathesis, such as diabetes, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and others. As human prospective studies on thrombosis outcome are very difficult to carry out, there is an obvious need to validate existing findings, and bring new compelling data about the mechanisms underlying taurine and derivatives antiplatelet action and their antithrombotic potential. Chloramine derivatives of taurine proved a higher stability and pronounced selectivity for platelet receptors, raising the assumption that they could represent future potential antithrombotic agents. Considering that taurine and its analogues display permissible side effects, along with the need of finding new, alternative antithrombotic drugs with minimal side effects and long-term action, the potential clinical relevance of this fascinating nutrient and its derivatives requires further consideration.

Carbonized Platycladus orientalis Derived Carbon Dots Accelerate Hemostasis through Activation of Platelets and Coagulation Pathways

“…Taurine has been repeatedly reported to cause inhibitory effects on platelets’ activation and aggregation in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies. [ 44 ] In this study, we found that the level of taurine in CBH group was significantly downregulated compared with Model group, suggesting the platelets activation promoted by CPO‐CDs. Taken together, from the perspective of metabolomics, plasma metabolic profiles of mice in NC, Model, and CBH groups were compared, and potential biomarkers such as phenylalanine, histamine, and taurine related to coagulation process were identified in rat plasma.…”

Potential Drug–Nutrient Interactions of 45 Vitamins, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Associated Dietary Compounds with Acetylsalicylic Acid and Warfarin—A Review of the Literature

“…Taurine inhibits the aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate [232]. Hence, coadministration of ASA and taurine might have some benefits in antithrombotic therapy [233], with a possible effect on ASA resistance [231].…”

Functional Role of Taurine in Aging and Cardiovascular Health: An Updated Overview

“…Intriguingly, this amino acid exhibits important antioxidant properties, Taurine has been extensively studied to determine its effects on human health. In terms of cellular function, taurine is primarily found in the intracellular fluid of many tissues, where it plays a vital role in a number of physiological processes [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. It acts as an osmolyte, regulating cell volume and maintaining cell integrity [29,30].…”