Taurine and the Brain

Oja, Simon S; Saransaari, Pirjo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_31

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…We found that the intestinal microbiota of ASD-CHILD donors affected the intestinal metabolism of honeybees through multiple pathways, including the tryptophan and taurine metabolism pathways. Taurine is essential for brain development (Benrabh et al, 1995;Kilb and Fukuda, 2017;Oja and Saransaari, 2022). We found higher taurine levels in the intestines of T-BEE group honeybees than in the intestines of A-BEE group honeybees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The fecal microbiota from children with autism impact gut metabolism and learning and memory abilities of honeybees

Li,

Zhang,

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders, with an increasing incidence. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common comorbidities of ASD. The gut microbiota composition of children with autism is distinct from that of typical developmental (TD) children, suggesting that the gut microbiota probably influences on hosts via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and host brain function remains unclear. In this study, we creatively developed a honeybee model and investigated the potential effects of fecal microbiota on hosts. Fecal microbiota from children with autism and TD children were transplanted into microbiota-free honeybees (Apis mellifera), resulting in induced ASD-fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) honeybees (A-BEE group) and TD-FMT honeybees (T-BEE group), respectively. We found that cognitive abilities of honeybees in the A-BEE group were significantly impaired in olfactory proboscis extension response conditioning. Metagenomics was used to evaluate fecal microbiota colonization, revealing several differential species responsible for altered tryptophan metabolism and taurine metabolism within the bee gut, including Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides fragilis, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus paragasseri. Furthermore, fecal microbiota from children with autism downregulated brain genes involved in neural signaling and synaptic transmission within honeybees. Notably, differentially spliced genes observed within brains of honeybees from the A-BEE group largely overlapped with those identified in human diagnosed with autism via SFARI and SPARK gene sets. These differentially spliced genes were also enriched within pathways related to neural synaptic transmission. Our findings provide novel insights into the pivotal role of the human gut microbiota, which may contribute to neurological processes in honeybees. Additionally, we present a few research sources on gut-brain connections in ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The fecal microbiota from children with autism impact gut metabolism and learning and memory abilities of honeybees

Li,

Zhang,

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…In addition, taurine has high specificity and affinity for glycine receptors ( Albrecht and Schousboe, 2005 ) and by binding to these receptors mediates glia-neuron signaling in the hypothalamus and excitatory neurotransmission in early development of the neocortex and brain stem ( El Idrissi and Trenkner, 2004 ; Ramírez-Guerrero et al, 2022 ). High levels of taurine have been found in developing brain and progressively decline until adulthood ( Brown et al, 2020 ), and evidence to date support a role in neuronal development especially in neocortical development ( Kilb, 2017 ; Oja and Saransaari, 2022 ). Given that during adolescence cortical development is still ongoing and taurine levels are at the highest levels during this period, an excess of taurine intake by EDs consumption might disrupt taurine functions affecting normal development of cortical structures.…”

Section: Energy Drinks and The Developing Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy drinks at adolescence: Awareness or unawareness?

Cadoni

Peana²

2023

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Energy drinks (EDs) are beverages similar to soft drinks, characterized by high caffeine concentrations with additional ingredients like taurine and vitamins, marketed for boosting energy, reducing tiredness, increasing concentration, and for their ergogenic effect. The majority of consumers are children, adolescents, and young athletes. Although EDs companies claim about the ergogenic and remineralizing properties of their products, there is a serious lack of evidence at preclinical as well as clinical level to validate their benefits. The regular intake and long-term consequences of these caffeinated drinks are not well documented, especially the possible negative effects in adolescents whose brain is still developing. EDs combined with alcohol are also gaining popularity among adolescents and different publications indicate that this combined consumption might increase the risk to develop an alcohol use disorder, as well as produce serious adverse cardiovascular effects. There is an increasing need to disseminate knowledge on EDs damage on health, so that adolescents can be aware about the potential harmful outcomes of consuming these drinks.

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“…Taurine is a sulfur‐containing free β‐amino acid that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the central nervous system. [ 15 ] Taurine is reportedly abundant in the central nervous system where it constitutes the major component of electrically excitable tissues and elicits neuromodulatory effect during normal conditions and metabolic diseases. [ 16 ] In humans, the hepatic biosynthetic ability of taurine via oxidative decarboxylation of cysteine is reportedly high in prenatal life but decreases gradually with age and some pathological conditions namely sepsis, trauma to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of neurobehavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations associated with silver nanoparticles exposure by taurine in rats

Njoku,

Ileola‐Gold,

Adelaja

et al. 2023

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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The adverse effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the nervous system is an emerging concern of public interest globally. Taurine, an essential amino acid required for neurogenesis in the nervous system, is well‐documented to possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Yet, there is no report in the literature on the effect of taurine on neurotoxicity related to AgNPs exposure. Here, we investigated the neurobehavioral and biochemical responses associated with coexposure to AgNPs (200 µg/kg body weight) and taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) in rats. Locomotor incompetence, motor deficits, and anxiogenic‐like behavior induced by AgNPs were significantly alleviated by both doses of taurine. Taurine administration enhanced exploratory behavior typified by increased track plot densities with diminished heat maps intensity in AgNPs‐treated rats. Biochemical data indicated that the reduction in cerebral and cerebellar acetylcholinesterase activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, and glutathione level by AgNPs treatment were markedly upturned by both doses of taurine. The significant abatement in cerebral and cerebellar oxidative stress indices namely reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation was evident in rats cotreated with AgNPs and taurine. Further, taurine administration abated nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels cum myeloperoxidase and caspase‐3 activities in AgNPs‐treated rats. Amelioration of AgNPs‐induced neurotoxicity by taurine was confirmed by histochemical staining and histomorphometry. In conclusion, taurine via attenuation of oxido‐inflammatory stress and caspase‐3 activation protected against neurotoxicity induced by AgNPs in rats.

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Taurine and the Brain

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

The fecal microbiota from children with autism impact gut metabolism and learning and memory abilities of honeybees

The fecal microbiota from children with autism impact gut metabolism and learning and memory abilities of honeybees

Energy drinks at adolescence: Awareness or unawareness?

Amelioration of neurobehavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations associated with silver nanoparticles exposure by taurine in rats

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