Taxonomy proposal for Old World monkey adenoviruses: characterisation of several non-human, non-ape primate adenovirus lineages

Abstract

A species classification regarding Old World monkey adenoviruses is proposed. We determined the nucleotide sequences of PCR-amplified fragments from the genes of the IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, penton base, and hexon proteins from every simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotype that originated from Old World monkeys for which the full genome sequence had not yet been published. We confirmed that the majority of Old Word monkey SAdVs belong to two previously established species. Interestingly, one is the most recently established human AdV species, Human mastadenovirus G, which includes a single human virus, HAdV-52, as well as SAdV-1, -2, -7, -11, -12, and -15. The other approved species, Simian mastadenovirus A includes SAdV-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -14, and -48. Several SAdVs (SAdV-5, -8, -49, -50) together with baboon AdV-1 and rhesus monkey AdV strains A1139, A1163, A1173, A1258, A1285, A1296, A1312, A1327 and A1335 have been proposed to be classified into an additional species, Simian mastadenovirus B. Another proposed species, Simian mastadenovirus C has been described for SAdV-19, baboon AdV-2/4 and -3. Our study revealed the existence of four additional AdV lineages. The corresponding new candidate species are Simian mastadenovirus D (for SAdV-13), Simian mastadenovirus E (for SAdV-16), Simian mastadenovirus F (for SAdV-17 and -18), and Simian mastadenovirus G (for SAdV-20). Several biological and genomic properties, such as the host origin, haemagglutination profile, number of fibre genes, and G+C content of the genome, strongly support this classification. Three SAdV strains originating from the American Type Culture Collection turned out to be mixtures of at least two virus types, either of the same species (SAdV-12 and -15 types from Human mastadenovirus G) or of two different species (SAdV-5 types from Simian mastadenovirus B and Human mastadenovirus G).

Virus–Host Coevolution with a Focus on Animal and Human DNA Viruses

“…The most ancient lineages are the prosimian and New World monkey adenoviruses (Podgorski et al 2018). On the next branches we can find the Old World monkey adenoviruses including members of Human mastadenovirus (HAdV) A, F and G (Gilson et al 2016;Pantó et al 2015;Podgorski et al 2016) (Fig. 1).…”

Molecular epidemiological study of adenovirus infecting western lowland gorillas and humans in and around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (Gabon)

“…They belong to the family of Adenoviridae , which is divided into five genera: Mastadenovirus , Atadenovirus , Aviadenovirus , Siadenovirus , and Ichtadenovirus . Members of species belonging to genera Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus are known to infect mammalian hosts [1, 2]. Mastadenoviruses infecting primates encompass seven Human mastadenovirus species (HAdV-A to G), the accepted species Simian mastadenovirus A and candidate species SAdV-B to G, and further not yet classified mastadenoviruses [2–4].…”

“…Members of species belonging to genera Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus are known to infect mammalian hosts [1, 2]. Mastadenoviruses infecting primates encompass seven Human mastadenovirus species (HAdV-A to G), the accepted species Simian mastadenovirus A and candidate species SAdV-B to G, and further not yet classified mastadenoviruses [2–4]. That classification into species is based on hemagglutination features, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) homology, and genomic organization [5].…”

Isolation and characterization of adenoviruses infecting endangered golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

“…Most of them infect captive great apes and members of the subfamily Cercopithecinae [10,11]. SAdVs that infect great apes are closely related to types that infect humans, which belong to the species Human mastadenovirus A to Human mastadenovirus F (HAdV-A-F) (primarily B, C, and E) [8,11]; those infecting the Cercopithecinae members have been classified into HAdV-G, species Simian mastadenovirus A (SAdV-A), and the recently proposed species SAdV-B-H [1,12,13]. It should be noted that the group of Old World monkeys (OWMs) comprises two subfamilies, the Cercopithecinae and the Colobinae; however, knowledge of AdVs from the latter sub-group remains quite limited.…”