Teaching AI, Ethics, Law and Policy

Wilk, A.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1904.12470

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, law resolves everyday conflicts and sustains order in social life. People consider law an information source as it impacts social norms and values [14]. The aim of considering this type of population (lawmakers) is to understand the application of the law to AI ethics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AI Ethics: An Empirical Study on the Views of Practitioners and Lawmakers

Khan

Akbar

Fahmideh

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) solutions and technologies are being increasingly adopted in smart systems contexts; however, such technologies are concerned with ethical uncertainties. Various guidelines, principles, and regulatory frameworks are designed to ensure that AI technologies adhere to ethical well-being. However, the implications of AI ethics principles and guidelines are still being debated. To further explore the significance of AI ethics principles and relevant challenges, we conducted a survey of 99 randomly selected representative AI practitioners and lawmakers (e.g., AI engineers and lawyers) from 20 countries across five continents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical study that unveils the perceptions of two different types of population (AI practitioners and lawmakers) and the study findings confirm that transparency, accountability, and privacy are the most critical AI ethics principles. On the other hand, lack of ethical knowledge, no legal frameworks, and lacking monitoring bodies are found to be the most common AI ethics challenges. The impact analysis of the challenges across principles reveals that conflict in practice is a highly severe challenge. Moreover, the perceptions of practitioners and lawmakers are statistically correlated with significant differences for particular principles (e.g. fairness and freedom) and challenges (e.g. lacking monitoring bodies and machine distortion). Our findings stimulate further research, particularly empowering existing capability maturity models to support ethics-aware AI systems' development and quality assessment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AI Ethics: An Empirical Study on the Views of Practitioners and Lawmakers

Khan

Akbar

Fahmideh

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst.

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“…Seven papers discuss awareness building and training. Wilk (2019) proposes a curriculum for a course in computers, ethics, law, and public policy, which issues are very relevant to building and using intelligent systems; computer professionals and decision makers learn ethics and law fundamentals for increased professional responsibility, as future computing jobs will require technical knowledge coupled with legal and ethical awareness to cover relevant topics and challenges that tomorrow's computer professionals and decision makers will face. Dewar (2018) notes that due to the development of digital technologies and ICT tools, cyber-attacks are prevalent, and calls for training in cyberdefense; early and clear goal definition and effective planning are key in implementing successful exercises, where scenarios, when used, should be realistic, and all exercises should serve clearly defined purposes; conducting exercises for the sake of conducting exercises becomes counterproductive.…”

Section: Cybersecurity Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal Impacts of Cyber Security in Academic Literature – Systematic Literature Review

Hytönen

Trent

Ruoslahti

2022

eccws

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The 2020 Allianz Risk Barometer, with 39% of responses, ranked cyber incidents as the number one risk threatening business continuity. Any organisation may face a number of challenges e.g. costly data breaches, ransomware incidents, and even litigation after an event. The Internet has, in many ways, changed society, transformed businesses, organisational communication and learning. People can now interact through social networking platforms. Modern society has become very technology driven, as ICT is now an integral component in peoples’ lives. However, besides the many benefits that the Internet and other ICT technology bring, there are also threats, such as cyber-attacks looking to exploit vulnerabilities in ICT applications and systems. This study is a systematic literature review that explores how societal impacts of cyber security in modern society are discussed in academic literature. The Introduction discusses the overall importance of cyber security in today’s society. The body of this paper presents the method in which the literature review was conducted, and a concise summary of the findings that answer the research question: How are societal impacts of cyber security discussed in academic literature? Six categories of investigation of societal impacts of cyber security are identified: 1) Impacts on Social and Societal Levels, 2) Detection of cyber-crime and incidents, 3) Critical infrastructures and services, 4) Impacts of incidents and individual technology, 5) Cybersecurity awareness, and 6) Cybersecurity and collaboration. Lastly, the conclusions, based on the research findings, address the feasibility, impact, strengths, weaknesses and possible ethical concerns of cybersecurity. This paper contributes to the overall understanding of current societal impacts of cyber security, and this understanding benefits the development of methods that assess societal impacts, as well as provides focus for future training and development of cyber and e-skills needed for better awareness of cyber threats, and to better address possible cyber incidents.

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“…Law resolves everyday conflicts and sustains order in social life. People consider law an information source as it impacts social norms and values [13].…”

Section: Setting the Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of considering this type of population (lawmakers) is to understand the application of the law to AI ethics. The data collected from legislation personnel will uncover the question, of whether standing AI ethics principles are sufficient, or is there a need for innovative standards [13]?…”

Section: Setting the Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

AI Ethics: Software Practitioners and Lawmakers Points of View

Khan¹,

Akbar²,

Fahmideh³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Despite their commonly accepted usefulness, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are concerned with ethical unreliability. Various guidelines, principles, and regulatory frameworks are designed to ensure that AI technologies bring ethical well-being. However, the implications of AI ethics principles and guidelines are still being debated. To further explore the significance of AI ethics principles and relevant challenges, we conducted an empirical survey of 99 AI practitioners and lawmakers from twenty countries across five continents. Study findings confirm that transparency, accountability, and privacy are the most critical AI ethics principles. On the other hand, lack of ethical knowledge, no legal frameworks, and lacking monitoring bodies are found the most common AI ethics challenges. The impact analysis of the challenges across AI ethics principles reveals that conflict in practice is a highly severe challenge. Our findings stimulate further

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Teaching AI, Ethics, Law and Policy

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

AI Ethics: An Empirical Study on the Views of Practitioners and Lawmakers

AI Ethics: An Empirical Study on the Views of Practitioners and Lawmakers

Societal Impacts of Cyber Security in Academic Literature – Systematic Literature Review

AI Ethics: Software Practitioners and Lawmakers Points of View

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